Weather forecast in Guneysaz place

Direction of wind shown by smoke drift, but not by wind vanes.

Wind: light air, western, speed 4 km/h

On land:

At Sea:

There are very weak waves at sea. Ripples with the appearance of scales are formed, but without foam crests.

Wind gusts: 11 km/h
Relative humidity: 87-97%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 921-923 hPa
Visibility: 91-100%

Sunday, December 29, 2024 in Guneysaz the weather is expected to be like this:

in the evening the air temperature drops to +2...+4°C, dew point: +0,95°C; ratio of temperature, wind speed and humidity: Slightly dry; there may be light precipitation, light air wind blowing from the west at a speed of 4 km/h, overcast sky

day length is 09:15

Monday, December 30, 2024

The Sun:	Sunrise 08:14, Sunset 17:29.
The Moon:	Moonrise 08:07, Moonset 16:40, Moon phase: new
	Geomagnetic Field: Unstable
	UV index: 1 (Low) Protection from UV radiation from the Sun is not necessary. A UV index reading of 0 to 2 means low danger from the sun's UV rays for the average person. Wear sunglasses on bright days. If you burn easily, cover up and use broad spectrum SPF 30+ sunscreen. Bright surfaces, such as sand, water, and snow, will increase UV exposure.

Air temperature:

+1...+2 °C The air temperature will go down

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

There is a light continuous stream of wind that is felt by the face; leaves rustle; ordinary vanes moved by wind.

Wind: light breeze, northwest, speed 4-7 km/h

On land:

At Sea:

Weak and short waves in the sea, still short, but more pronounced. Crests have a glassy appearance and do not break.

Wind gusts: 11 km/h
Relative humidity: 95-99%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 923 hPa
Visibility: 43-100%

Air temperature:

+1...+2 °C The air temperature will go down

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, northwest, speed 4-7 km/h
Wind gusts: 14 km/h
Relative humidity: 90-99%
Cloudiness: 98%
Atmospheric pressure: 923-924 hPa
Visibility: 40-91%

Air temperature:

+3...+4 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, northwest, speed 7 km/h
Wind gusts: 14 km/h
Relative humidity: 78-85%
Cloudiness: 99%
Atmospheric pressure: 924 hPa
Visibility: 92-100%

Air temperature:

+1...+3 °C The air temperature will go down

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Monday, December 30, 2024 in Guneysaz the weather forecast is expected to be like this:

Wind: light breeze, western, speed 4-7 km/h
Wind gusts: 14 km/h
Relative humidity: 85-97%
Cloudiness: 97%
Atmospheric pressure: 925 hPa
Visibility: 72-100%

during the night the air temperature drops to +1...+2°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: +0,5°C; ratio of temperature, wind speed and humidity: Slightly dry; there may be light precipitation, light breeze wind blowing from the north-west at a speed of 4-7 km/h, overcast sky
in the morning the air temperature drops to +1...+2°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: +0,41°C; ratio of temperature, wind speed and humidity: Slightly dry; there may be light precipitation, light breeze wind blowing from the north-west at a speed of 4-7 km/h, overcast sky
in the afternoon the air temperature warms up to +3...+4°C; too cold: chilly, dew point: +0,08°C; ratio of temperature, wind speed and humidity: Slightly dry; there may be light precipitation, light breeze wind blowing from the north-west at a speed of 7 km/h, overcast sky
in the evening the air temperature drops to +1...+3°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -0,14°C; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the west at a speed of 4-7 km/h, overcast sky

day length is 09:15

Tuesday, December 31, 2024

The Sun:	Sunrise 08:14, Sunset 17:30.
The Moon:	Moonrise 09:00, Moonset 17:45, Moon phase: new
	Geomagnetic Field: Quiet
	UV index: 1,5 (Low)

Air temperature:

0...+1 °C

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light air, southwest, speed 4 km/h
Wind gusts: 7 km/h
Relative humidity: 95-97%
Cloudiness: 80%
Atmospheric pressure: 927 hPa
Visibility: 76-100%

Air temperature:

-1...+2 °C The air temperature will go down

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light air, eastern, speed 4 km/h
Wind gusts: 11 km/h
Relative humidity: 86-98%
Cloudiness: 68%
Atmospheric pressure: 928-931 hPa
Visibility: 2-100%

Air temperature:

+3...+5 °C The temperature will rise

during the night the air temperature drops to 0...+1°C, dew point: -0,47°C; precipitation is not expected, light air wind blowing from the south-west at a speed of 4 km/h, overcast sky
in the morning the air temperature drops to -1...+2°C, dew point: -1,47°C; fog may form, with visibility of 483 m; precipitation is not expected, light air wind blowing from the east at a speed of 4 km/h, overcast sky
in the afternoon the air temperature warms up to +3...+5°C, dew point: -0,25°C; precipitation is not expected, light air wind blowing from the north-west at a speed of 4 km/h, overcast sky
in the evening the air temperature drops to 0...+2°C, dew point: -1,33°C; precipitation is not expected, light air wind blowing from the east at a speed of 4 km/h, the sky is clear, without clouds

day length is 09:16

Wednesday, January 1, 2025

The Sun:	Sunrise 08:14, Sunset 17:31.
The Moon:	Moonrise 09:44, Moonset 18:57, Moon phase: waxing crescent
	Geomagnetic Field: Quiet
	UV index: 1,6 (Low)

Air temperature:

-1...0 °C

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light air, southeast, speed 4 km/h
Wind gusts: 11 km/h
Relative humidity: 88-92%
Cloudiness: 16%
Atmospheric pressure: 931-932 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Air temperature:

-1...+4 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light air, southeast, speed 4 km/h
Wind gusts: 11 km/h
Relative humidity: 82-87%
Cloudiness: 3%
Atmospheric pressure: 931-932 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Air temperature:

+6...+8 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light air, eastern, speed 4 km/h
Wind gusts: 11 km/h
Relative humidity: 68-79%
Cloudiness: 0%
Atmospheric pressure: 931-932 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Air temperature:

+2...+5 °C The air temperature will go down

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wednesday, January 1, 2025 in Guneysaz the weather forecast is expected to be like this:

Wind: light breeze, southeast, speed 4-7 km/h
Wind gusts: 14 km/h
Relative humidity: 81-86%
Cloudiness: 2%
Atmospheric pressure: 929-931 hPa
Visibility: 100%

during the night the air temperature drops to -1...0°C, dew point: -2,84°C; precipitation is not expected, light air wind blowing from the south-east at a speed of 4 km/h, the sky is clear, without clouds
in the morning the air temperature warms up to -1...+4°C, dew point: -3,27°C; precipitation is not expected, light air wind blowing from the south-east at a speed of 4 km/h, the sky is clear, without clouds
in the afternoon the air temperature warms up to +6...+8°C, dew point: -0,58°C; ratio of temperature, wind speed and humidity: Slightly dry; precipitation is not expected, light air wind blowing from the east at a speed of 4 km/h, the sky is clear, without clouds
in the evening the air temperature drops to +2...+5°C; too cold: chilly, dew point: -1,56°C; ratio of temperature, wind speed and humidity: Slightly dry; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the south-east at a speed of 4-7 km/h, the sky is clear, without clouds

day length is 09:17

Thursday, January 2, 2025

The Sun:	Sunrise 08:14, Sunset 17:31.
The Moon:	Moonrise 10:20, Moonset 20:11, Moon phase: waxing crescent
	Geomagnetic Field: Quiet
	UV index: 1,6 (Low)

Air temperature:

+1...+2 °C The air temperature will go down

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, southern, speed 7 km/h
Wind gusts: 14 km/h
Relative humidity: 78-83%
Cloudiness: 0%
Atmospheric pressure: 929 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Air temperature:

+1...+5 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, southeast, speed 4-7 km/h
Wind gusts: 14 km/h
Relative humidity: 65-77%
Cloudiness: 0%
Atmospheric pressure: 929 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Air temperature:

+7...+10 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, southeast, speed 4-7 km/h
Wind gusts: 14 km/h
Relative humidity: 55-65%
Cloudiness: 0%
Atmospheric pressure: 927-929 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Air temperature:

+2...+6 °C The air temperature will go down

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Thursday, January 2, 2025 in Guneysaz the weather is expected to be like this:

Wind: light breeze, southeast, speed 7-11 km/h
Wind gusts: 18 km/h
Relative humidity: 70-72%
Cloudiness: 0%
Atmospheric pressure: 925-927 hPa
Visibility: 100%

during the night the air temperature drops to +1...+2°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -3,32°C; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the south at a speed of 7 km/h, the sky is clear, without clouds
in the morning the air temperature warms up to +1...+5°C; too cold: chilly, dew point: -4,19°C; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the south-east at a speed of 4-7 km/h, the sky is clear, without clouds
in the afternoon the air temperature warms up to +7...+10°C, dew point: -0,57°C; ratio of temperature, wind speed and humidity: Slightly dry; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the south-east at a speed of 4-7 km/h, the sky is clear, without clouds
in the evening the air temperature drops to +2...+6°C; too cold: chilly, dew point: -3,03°C; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the south-east at a speed of 7-11 km/h, the sky is clear, without clouds

day length is 09:17

Friday, January 3, 2025

The Sun:	Sunrise 08:14, Sunset 17:32.
The Moon:	Moonrise 10:49, Moonset 21:25, Moon phase: waxing crescent
	Geomagnetic Field: Quiet
	UV index: 1,6 (Low)

Air temperature:

+1...+2 °C The air temperature will go down

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, southern, speed 7 km/h
Wind gusts: 18 km/h
Relative humidity: 71-72%
Cloudiness: 0%
Atmospheric pressure: 924-925 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Air temperature:

0...+5 °C

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, southern, speed 4-7 km/h
Wind gusts: 18 km/h
Relative humidity: 65-73%
Cloudiness: 0%
Atmospheric pressure: 924-925 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Air temperature:

+6...+8 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light air, southwest, speed 4 km/h
Wind gusts: 11 km/h
Relative humidity: 57-70%
Cloudiness: 48%
Atmospheric pressure: 924-925 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Light cloud cover in the sky, no precipitation

Light cloud cover in the sky, no precipitation

Air temperature:

+1...+5 °C The air temperature will go down

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, southern, speed 4-7 km/h
Wind gusts: 18 km/h
Relative humidity: 77-81%
Cloudiness: 32%
Atmospheric pressure: 924-925 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Friday, January 3, 2025 in Guneysaz the weather forecast is expected to be like this:

during the night the air temperature drops to +1...+2°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -4,21°C; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the south at a speed of 7 km/h, the sky is clear, without clouds
in the morning the air temperature warms up to 0...+5°C; too cold: chilly, dew point: -4,35°C; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the south at a speed of 4-7 km/h, the sky is clear, without clouds
in the afternoon the air temperature warms up to +6...+8°C, dew point: -1,08°C; precipitation is not expected, light air wind blowing from the south-west at a speed of 4 km/h, the sky is clear, without clouds
in the evening the air temperature drops to +1...+5°C; too cold: chilly, dew point: -1,85°C; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the south at a speed of 4-7 km/h, in some places, small clouds may form in the sky

day length is 09:18

Saturday, January 4, 2025

The Sun:	Sunrise 08:14, Sunset 17:33.
The Moon:	Moonrise 11:14, Moonset 22:39, Moon phase: waxing crescent
	Geomagnetic Field: Quiet

Air temperature:

+1 °C

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, southern, speed 7 km/h
Wind gusts: 18 km/h
Relative humidity: 79-82%
Cloudiness: 98%
Atmospheric pressure: 924-925 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Air temperature:

+1...+4 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, southern, speed 4-7 km/h
Wind gusts: 14 km/h
Relative humidity: 73-81%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 924-925 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Air temperature:

+6...+8 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, northern, speed 4-7 km/h
Wind gusts: 11 km/h
Relative humidity: 63-72%
Cloudiness: 87%
Atmospheric pressure: 924-925 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Saturday, January 4, 2025 in Guneysaz the weather is expected to be like this:

Air temperature:

+2...+5 °C The air temperature will go down

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Sometimes short-term rains

Wind: light breeze, southeast, speed 7 km/h
Wind gusts: 18 km/h
Relative humidity: 77-80%
Cloudiness: 97%
Atmospheric pressure: 923-924 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 0,2 mm
Visibility: 100%

during the night the air temperature drops to +1°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -2,63°C; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the south at a speed of 7 km/h, overcast sky
in the morning the air temperature warms up to +1...+4°C; too cold: chilly, dew point: -2,73°C; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the south at a speed of 4-7 km/h, overcast sky
in the afternoon the air temperature warms up to +6...+8°C, dew point: +0,01°C; ratio of temperature, wind speed and humidity: Slightly dry; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the north at a speed of 4-7 km/h, overcast sky
in the evening the air temperature drops to +2...+5°C; too cold: chilly, dew point: -1,81°C; very light rain may fall in some places, when leaving the house, we recommend that you bring an umbrella, light breeze wind blowing from the south-east at a speed of 7 km/h, overcast sky

day length is 09:19

Sunday, January 5, 2025

The Sun:	Sunrise 08:14, Sunset 17:34.
The Moon:	Moonrise 11:37, Moonset 23:51, Moon phase: waxing crescent
	Geomagnetic Field: Active

Air temperature:

+2 °C

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, southern, speed 7 km/h
Wind gusts: 18 km/h
Relative humidity: 77-83%
Cloudiness: 99%
Atmospheric pressure: 920-923 hPa
Visibility: 99-100%

Air temperature:

+2...+4 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Sometimes short-term rains

Wind: light breeze, southern, speed 7 km/h
Wind gusts: 22 km/h
Relative humidity: 76-85%
Cloudiness: 99%
Atmospheric pressure: 919 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 0,1 mm
Visibility: 75-99%

Air temperature:

+5...+6 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Sometimes short-term rains

Wind: light breeze, southwest, speed 4-7 km/h
Wind gusts: 22 km/h
Relative humidity: 74-92%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 916-919 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 5,9 mm
Visibility: 7-76%

Sunday, January 5, 2025 in Guneysaz the weather forecast is expected to be like this:

Air temperature:

+3...+4 °C The air temperature will go down

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Snow and rain expected

Wind: light breeze, western, speed 4-7 km/h
Wind gusts: 22 km/h
Relative humidity: 94-95%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 917-920 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 6,2 mm
Visibility: 2%

during the night the air temperature drops to +2°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -2,1°C; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the south at a speed of 7 km/h, overcast sky
in the morning the air temperature warms up to +2...+4°C; too cold: chilly, dew point: -1,21°C; very light rain may fall in some places, when leaving the house, we recommend that you bring an umbrella, light breeze wind blowing from the south at a speed of 7 km/h, overcast sky
in the afternoon the air temperature warms up to +5...+6°C; too cold: chilly, dew point: +2,65°C; ratio of temperature, wind speed and humidity: Slightly dry; very light rain may fall in some places, when leaving the house, we recommend that you bring an umbrella, light breeze wind blowing from the south-west at a speed of 4-7 km/h, overcast sky
in the evening the air temperature drops to +3...+4°C; too cold: chilly, dew point: +1,93°C; ratio of temperature, wind speed and humidity: Slightly dry; snow is expected, when leaving the house, we recommend that you bring an umbrella, light breeze wind blowing from the west at a speed of 4-7 km/h, overcast sky

day length is 09:20

Monday, January 6, 2025

The Sun:	Sunrise 08:14, Sunset 17:35.
The Moon:	Moonrise 12:00, Moonset --:--, Moon phase: waxing crescent
	Geomagnetic Field: Active

Air temperature:

-1...+3 °C The air temperature will go down

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Light snow expected

Wind: light breeze, northwest, speed 4-7 km/h
Wind gusts: 25 km/h
Relative humidity: 91-96%
Cloudiness: 99%
Atmospheric pressure: 917-923 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 0,4 mm
Visibility: 2-4%

Air temperature:

-2...0 °C

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Light snow expected

Wind: light air, western, speed 4 km/h
Wind gusts: 7 km/h
Relative humidity: 75-94%
Cloudiness: 98%
Atmospheric pressure: 919-921 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 0,1 mm
Visibility: 2-93%

Air temperature:

+1...+3 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, southern, speed 4-7 km/h
Relative humidity: 57-69%
Cloudiness: 21%
Atmospheric pressure: 920-921 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Air temperature:

-2...0 °C

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Monday, January 6, 2025 in Guneysaz the weather is expected to be like this:

Wind: light breeze, southeast, speed 7-11 km/h
Relative humidity: 73-78%
Cloudiness: 53%
Atmospheric pressure: 920-923 hPa
Visibility: 100%

during the night the air temperature drops to -1...+3°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -1,93°C; fog may form, with visibility of 483 m; snowfall is expected, light breeze wind blowing from the north-west at a speed of 4-7 km/h, overcast sky
in the morning the air temperature drops to -2...0°C, dew point: -4,23°C; fog may form, with visibility of 483 m; snowfall is expected, light air wind blowing from the west at a speed of 4 km/h, overcast sky
in the afternoon the air temperature warms up to +1...+3°C, dew point: -4,81°C; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the south at a speed of 4-7 km/h, the sky is clear, without clouds
in the evening the air temperature drops to -2...0°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -5,23°C; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the south-east at a speed of 7-11 km/h, the sky is clear, without clouds

day length is 09:21

Tuesday, January 7, 2025

The Sun:	Sunrise 08:14, Sunset 17:36.
The Moon:	Moonrise 12:24, Moonset 01:03, Moon phase: in its first quarter
	Geomagnetic Field: Unstable

Air temperature:

-2...-1 °C The air temperature will go down

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, southeast, speed 11 km/h
Relative humidity: 74-75%
Cloudiness: 77%
Atmospheric pressure: 921-923 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Light cloud cover in the sky, no precipitation

Air temperature:

-1...+3 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, southeast, speed 11 km/h
Relative humidity: 56-74%
Cloudiness: 32%
Atmospheric pressure: 921-923 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Air temperature:

+4...+7 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, southeast, speed 7-11 km/h
Relative humidity: 49-63%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 920-923 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Air temperature:

+2...+3 °C The air temperature will go down

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Tuesday, January 7, 2025 in Guneysaz the weather forecast is expected to be like this:

Wind: light breeze, southeast, speed 7-11 km/h
Relative humidity: 66-68%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 921 hPa
Visibility: 100%

during the night the air temperature drops to -2...-1°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -5,51°C; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the south-east at a speed of 11 km/h, the sky is clear, without clouds
in the morning the air temperature warms up to -1...+3°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -5,51°C; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the south-east at a speed of 11 km/h, in some places, small clouds may form in the sky
in the afternoon the air temperature warms up to +4...+7°C; too cold: chilly, dew point: -4,71°C; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the south-east at a speed of 7-11 km/h, overcast sky
in the evening the air temperature drops to +2...+3°C; too cold: chilly, dew point: -3,76°C; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the south-east at a speed of 7-11 km/h, overcast sky

day length is 09:22

Wednesday, January 8, 2025

The Sun:	Sunrise 08:14, Sunset 17:37.
The Moon:	Moonrise 12:50, Moonset 02:18, Moon phase: waxing gibbous
	Geomagnetic Field: Quiet

Light cloud cover in the sky, no precipitation

Air temperature:

+1...+2 °C The air temperature will go down

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, southern, speed 7 km/h
Relative humidity: 66-68%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 920-921 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Air temperature:

+1...+5 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, southeast, speed 4-7 km/h
Relative humidity: 57-68%
Cloudiness: 91%
Atmospheric pressure: 920-921 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Air temperature:

+7...+9 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, southeast, speed 4-7 km/h
Relative humidity: 52-63%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 917-920 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Air temperature:

+4...+6 °C The air temperature will go down

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions: