Weather forecast in Kisielowka place

Air temperature:

-1...+1 °C The air temperature will go down

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Monday, December 23, 2024 in Kisielowka the weather is expected to be like this:

Wind: light breeze, northwest, speed 4-7 km/h
Wind gusts: 22 km/h
Relative humidity: 94-95%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 959-961 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 0,6 mm
Visibility: 2-5%

in the afternoon the air temperature will be +1°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -0,59°C; snow is expected, when leaving the house, we recommend that you bring an umbrella, light breeze wind blowing from the north-west at a speed of 7 km/h, overcast sky
in the evening the air temperature drops to -1...+1°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -0,92°C; fog may form, with visibility of 483 m; snowfall is expected, light breeze wind blowing from the north-west at a speed of 4-7 km/h, overcast sky

day length is 08:07

Tuesday, December 24, 2024

The Sun:	Sunrise 07:35, Sunset 15:42.
The Moon:	Moonrise 00:49, Moonset 11:50, Moon phase: in its last quarter
	Geomagnetic Field: Unstable
	UV index: 0,2 (Low)

during the night the air temperature drops to -1°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -1,14°C; fog may form, with visibility of 483 m; snowfall is expected, light breeze wind blowing from the north at a speed of 4-7 km/h, overcast sky
in the morning the air temperature will be -1°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -1,26°C; snowfall is expected, light breeze wind blowing from the north at a speed of 7-11 km/h, overcast sky
in the afternoon the air temperature warms up to -1...0°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -1,15°C; snowfall is expected, light breeze wind blowing from the north at a speed of 7-11 km/h, overcast sky
in the evening the air temperature warms up to -1...0°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -1,72°C; snowfall is expected, light breeze wind blowing from the north at a speed of 7 km/h, overcast sky

day length is 08:07

Wednesday, December 25, 2024

The Sun:	Sunrise 07:35, Sunset 15:42.
The Moon:	Moonrise 01:57, Moonset 12:03, Moon phase: in its last quarter
	Geomagnetic Field: Unstable
	UV index: 0,7 (Low)

Air temperature:

-1 °C

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, northern, speed 4-7 km/h
Wind gusts: 18 km/h
Relative humidity: 95-97%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 979-981 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 0,4 mm
Visibility: 8-12%

Air temperature:

-2...-1 °C The air temperature will go down

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Direction of wind shown by smoke drift, but not by wind vanes.

Wind: light air, northern, speed 4 km/h

On land:

At Sea:

There are very weak waves at sea. Ripples with the appearance of scales are formed, but without foam crests.

Wind gusts: 18 km/h
Relative humidity: 91-97%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 983-985 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 0,1 mm
Visibility: 8-100%

The sky is overcast, no precipitation

Air temperature:

-3...-1 °C The temperature will not change

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light air, northern, speed 4 km/h
Wind gusts: 11 km/h
Relative humidity: 88-90%
Cloudiness: 92%
Atmospheric pressure: 984-985 hPa
Visibility: 2-100%

Light cloud cover in the sky, no precipitation

Air temperature:

-5...-4 °C The air temperature will go down

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wednesday, December 25, 2024 in Kisielowka the weather is expected to be like this:

Wind: light breeze, northern, speed 4-7 km/h
Relative humidity: 93-96%
Cloudiness: 43%
Atmospheric pressure: 985-987 hPa
Visibility: 2-100%

during the night the air temperature will be -1°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -2,12°C; snowfall is expected, light breeze wind blowing from the north at a speed of 4-7 km/h, overcast sky
in the morning the air temperature drops to -2...-1°C, dew point: -2,57°C; snowfall is expected, light air wind blowing from the north at a speed of 4 km/h, overcast sky
in the afternoon the air temperature will be -3...-1°C, dew point: -2,92°C; fog may form, with visibility of 483 m; there may be light precipitation, light air wind blowing from the north at a speed of 4 km/h, overcast sky
in the evening the air temperature drops to -5...-4°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -3,95°C; fog may form, with visibility of 483 m; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the north at a speed of 4-7 km/h, in some places, small clouds may form in the sky

day length is 08:07

Thursday, December 26, 2024

The Sun:	Sunrise 07:35, Sunset 15:43.
The Moon:	Moonrise 03:08, Moonset 12:20, Moon phase: waning crescent
	Geomagnetic Field: Unstable
	UV index: 0,7 (Low)

Air temperature:

-5...-3 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, southwest, speed 7 km/h
Wind gusts: 11 km/h
Relative humidity: 89-95%
Cloudiness: 94%
Atmospheric pressure: 985 hPa
Visibility: 2-100%

Air temperature:

-3...0 °C

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light air, western, speed 4 km/h
Wind gusts: 14 km/h
Relative humidity: 86-88%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 985 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 1,3 mm
Visibility: 98-100%

Air temperature:

0...+1 °C

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, western, speed 4-7 km/h
Wind gusts: 25 km/h
Relative humidity: 87-93%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 984 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 1,1 mm
Visibility: 2-48%

Thursday, December 26, 2024 in Kisielowka the weather forecast is expected to be like this:

Air temperature:

0...+1 °C

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Snow expected

Wind: light breeze, western, speed 7 km/h
Wind gusts: 32 km/h
Relative humidity: 95-99%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 981-983 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 1,9 mm
Visibility: 2%

during the night the air temperature warms up to -5...-3°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -4°C; fog may form, with visibility of 483 m; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the south-west at a speed of 7 km/h, overcast sky
in the morning the air temperature warms up to -3...0°C, dew point: -3,13°C; snowfall is expected, light air wind blowing from the west at a speed of 4 km/h, overcast sky
in the afternoon the air temperature warms up to 0...+1°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -1,59°C; snowfall is expected, light breeze wind blowing from the west at a speed of 4-7 km/h, overcast sky
in the evening the air temperature drops to 0...+1°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: +0,05°C; precipitations in the form of heavy snow, snow are expected, light breeze wind blowing from the west at a speed of 7 km/h, overcast sky

day length is 08:08

Friday, December 27, 2024

The Sun:	Sunrise 07:36, Sunset 15:44.
The Moon:	Moonrise 04:21, Moonset 12:40, Moon phase: waning crescent
	Geomagnetic Field: Unstable
	UV index: 0,5 (Low)

Air temperature:

-3...+1 °C The air temperature will go down

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Snow expected

Wind: light breeze, northern, speed 4-11 km/h
Wind gusts: 32 km/h
Relative humidity: 98-100%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 980-981 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 4,5 mm
Visibility: 2-49%

Air temperature:

-4...-1 °C The air temperature will go down

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, northeast, speed 4-7 km/h
Wind gusts: 18 km/h
Relative humidity: 93-98%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 981-983 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 0,4 mm
Visibility: 2-100%

Air temperature:

-1...0 °C

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Sometimes short-term rains

Wind: light breeze, northern, speed 4-7 km/h
Wind gusts: 14 km/h
Relative humidity: 89-94%
Cloudiness: 97%
Atmospheric pressure: 983 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 0,2 mm
Visibility: 2-100%

The sky is overcast, no precipitation

Air temperature:

-2...-1 °C The air temperature will go down

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light air, southeast, speed 4 km/h
Wind gusts: 11 km/h
Relative humidity: 97-99%
Cloudiness: 98%
Atmospheric pressure: 983 hPa
Visibility: 2-58%

Friday, December 27, 2024 in Kisielowka the weather is expected to be like this:

during the night the air temperature drops to -3...+1°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: +1,78°C; fog may form, with visibility of 483 m; precipitations in the form of heavy snow, snow are expected, light breeze wind blowing from the north at a speed of 4-11 km/h, overcast sky
in the morning the air temperature drops to -4...-1°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: +0,55°C; fog may form, with visibility of 483 m; snowfall is expected, light breeze wind blowing from the north-east at a speed of 4-7 km/h, overcast sky
in the afternoon the air temperature warms up to -1...0°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -0,7°C; fog may form, with visibility of 483 m; very light rain may fall in some places, when leaving the house, we recommend that you bring an umbrella, light breeze wind blowing from the north at a speed of 4-7 km/h, overcast sky
in the evening the air temperature drops to -2...-1°C, dew point: -1,6°C; fog may form, with visibility of 483 m; there may be light precipitation, light air wind blowing from the south-east at a speed of 4 km/h, overcast sky

day length is 08:08

Saturday, December 28, 2024

The Sun:	Sunrise 07:36, Sunset 15:45.
The Moon:	Moonrise 05:34, Moonset 13:09, Moon phase: waning crescent
	Geomagnetic Field: Unstable

Air temperature:

-4...-2 °C The air temperature will go down

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light air, southwest, speed 4 km/h
Wind gusts: 7 km/h
Relative humidity: 96-98%
Cloudiness: 98%
Atmospheric pressure: 981-983 hPa
Visibility: 2-100%

Air temperature:

-4...-1 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light air, southern, speed 4 km/h
Wind gusts: 11 km/h
Relative humidity: 87-95%
Cloudiness: 85%
Atmospheric pressure: 981-983 hPa
Visibility: 2-84%

Air temperature:

-3...0 °C

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light air, northeast, speed 4 km/h
Wind gusts: 11 km/h
Relative humidity: 86-93%
Cloudiness: 52%
Atmospheric pressure: 981 hPa
Visibility: 92-100%

Air temperature:

-4...-3 °C The air temperature will go down

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Saturday, December 28, 2024 in Kisielowka the weather forecast is expected to be like this:

Wind: light breeze, southern, speed 7 km/h
Relative humidity: 94-95%
Cloudiness: 14%
Atmospheric pressure: 981 hPa
Visibility: 2-99%

during the night the air temperature drops to -4...-2°C, dew point: -2,76°C; fog may form, with visibility of 483 m; precipitation is not expected, light air wind blowing from the south-west at a speed of 4 km/h, overcast sky
in the morning the air temperature warms up to -4...-1°C, dew point: -3,76°C; fog may form, with visibility of 483 m; precipitation is not expected, light air wind blowing from the south at a speed of 4 km/h, overcast sky
in the afternoon the air temperature warms up to -3...0°C, dew point: -2,9°C; precipitation is not expected, light air wind blowing from the north-east at a speed of 4 km/h, in some places, small clouds may form in the sky
in the evening the air temperature drops to -4...-3°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -3,71°C; fog may form, with visibility of 483 m; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the south at a speed of 7 km/h, the sky is clear, without clouds

day length is 08:09

Sunday, December 29, 2024

The Sun:	Sunrise 07:36, Sunset 15:46.
The Moon:	Moonrise 06:45, Moonset 13:49, Moon phase: waning crescent
	Geomagnetic Field: Quiet

Air temperature:

-5 °C

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, southern, speed 7 km/h
Wind gusts: 11 km/h
Relative humidity: 92-95%
Cloudiness: 45%
Atmospheric pressure: 980 hPa
Visibility: 2-99%

Air temperature:

-5...0 °C

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, southern, speed 4-7 km/h
Wind gusts: 11 km/h
Relative humidity: 87-92%
Cloudiness: 32%
Atmospheric pressure: 980 hPa
Visibility: 2-100%

Air temperature:

-1...+2 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, southeast, speed 4-7 km/h
Relative humidity: 86-91%
Cloudiness: 8%
Atmospheric pressure: 977-979 hPa
Visibility: 81-88%

Air temperature:

-3...-2 °C The air temperature will go down

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Sunday, December 29, 2024 in Kisielowka the weather is expected to be like this:

Wind: light breeze, southern, speed 7 km/h
Wind gusts: 11 km/h
Relative humidity: 89-92%
Cloudiness: 29%
Atmospheric pressure: 976-977 hPa
Visibility: 2-100%

during the night the air temperature drops to -5°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -4,55°C; fog may form, with visibility of 483 m; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the south at a speed of 7 km/h, the sky is clear, without clouds
in the morning the air temperature warms up to -5...0°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -4,78°C; fog may form, with visibility of 483 m; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the south at a speed of 4-7 km/h, the sky is clear, without clouds
in the afternoon the air temperature warms up to -1...+2°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -2°C; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the south-east at a speed of 4-7 km/h, the sky is clear, without clouds
in the evening the air temperature drops to -3...-2°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -3,58°C; fog may form, with visibility of 483 m; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the south at a speed of 7 km/h, the sky is clear, without clouds

day length is 08:10

Monday, December 30, 2024

The Sun:	Sunrise 07:36, Sunset 15:47.
The Moon:	Moonrise 07:47, Moonset 14:44, Moon phase: new
	Geomagnetic Field: Quiet

Air temperature:

-4...-3 °C The air temperature will go down

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, southwest, speed 7 km/h
Wind gusts: 11 km/h
Relative humidity: 86-91%
Cloudiness: 83%
Atmospheric pressure: 976 hPa
Visibility: 2-100%

Air temperature:

-4...0 °C

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Snow and rain expected

Wind: light breeze, southern, speed 4-7 km/h
Wind gusts: 11 km/h
Relative humidity: 83-85%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 977-979 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 0,2 mm
Visibility: 100%

Air temperature:

-3...+2 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, southern, speed 4-7 km/h
Wind gusts: 11 km/h
Relative humidity: 86-94%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 977-980 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Air temperature:

-4 °C

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Monday, December 30, 2024 in Kisielowka the weather forecast is expected to be like this:

Wind: light breeze, southern, speed 7 km/h
Relative humidity: 91-92%
Cloudiness: 82%
Atmospheric pressure: 980 hPa
Visibility: 2-100%

during the night the air temperature drops to -4...-3°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -4,31°C; fog may form, with visibility of 483 m; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the south-west at a speed of 7 km/h, overcast sky
in the morning the air temperature warms up to -4...0°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -4,5°C; snow is expected, when leaving the house, we recommend that you bring an umbrella, light breeze wind blowing from the south at a speed of 4-7 km/h, overcast sky
in the afternoon the air temperature warms up to -3...+2°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -4,06°C; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the south at a speed of 4-7 km/h, in some places, small clouds may form in the sky
in the evening the air temperature drops to -4°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -5,95°C; fog may form, with visibility of 483 m; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the south at a speed of 7 km/h, in some places, small clouds may form in the sky

day length is 08:11

Tuesday, December 31, 2024

The Sun:	Sunrise 07:36, Sunset 15:48.
The Moon:	Moonrise 08:37, Moonset 15:53, Moon phase: new
	Geomagnetic Field: Quiet

Air temperature:

-5 °C

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, southern, speed 7 km/h
Relative humidity: 88-90%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 979 hPa
Visibility: 99-100%

Air temperature:

-5...+1 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, southern, speed 7 km/h
Relative humidity: 81-88%
Cloudiness: 99%
Atmospheric pressure: 977 hPa
Visibility: 99-100%

Air temperature:

-3...+2 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, southern, speed 4-7 km/h
Relative humidity: 87-94%
Cloudiness: 68%
Atmospheric pressure: 975-976 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Air temperature:

-5...-4 °C The air temperature will go down

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Tuesday, December 31, 2024 in Kisielowka the weather is expected to be like this:

Wind: light breeze, southern, speed 7 km/h
Relative humidity: 89-92%
Cloudiness: 30%
Atmospheric pressure: 975 hPa
Visibility: 2-100%

during the night the air temperature drops to -5°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -6,62°C; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the south at a speed of 7 km/h, overcast sky
in the morning the air temperature warms up to -5...+1°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -6,68°C; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the south at a speed of 7 km/h, overcast sky
in the afternoon the air temperature warms up to -3...+2°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -4,66°C; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the south at a speed of 4-7 km/h, in some places, small clouds may form in the sky
in the evening the air temperature drops to -5...-4°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -7,14°C; fog may form, with visibility of 483 m; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the south at a speed of 7 km/h, the sky is clear, without clouds

day length is 08:12

Wednesday, January 1, 2025

The Sun:	Sunrise 07:36, Sunset 15:49.
The Moon:	Moonrise 09:14, Moonset 17:12, Moon phase: waxing crescent
	Geomagnetic Field: Quiet

Air temperature:

-6 °C

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, southern, speed 7 km/h
Relative humidity: 88-89%
Cloudiness: 47%
Atmospheric pressure: 975 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Air temperature:

-6...-1 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, southwest, speed 4-7 km/h
Relative humidity: 82-90%
Cloudiness: 88%
Atmospheric pressure: 975-976 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Air temperature:

-5...0 °C

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light air, southwest, speed 4 km/h
Relative humidity: 81-95%
Cloudiness: 94%
Atmospheric pressure: 976 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Air temperature:

-6 °C

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wednesday, January 1, 2025 in Kisielowka the weather forecast is expected to be like this:

Wind: light breeze, southern, speed 7 km/h
Relative humidity: 94-95%
Cloudiness: 72%
Atmospheric pressure: 977 hPa
Visibility: 2-100%

during the night the air temperature drops to -6°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -7,99°C; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the south at a speed of 7 km/h, in some places, small clouds may form in the sky
in the morning the air temperature warms up to -6...-1°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -7,96°C; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the south-west at a speed of 4-7 km/h, overcast sky
in the afternoon the air temperature warms up to -5...0°C, dew point: -5,83°C; precipitation is not expected, light air wind blowing from the south-west at a speed of 4 km/h, overcast sky
in the evening the air temperature drops to -6°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -7,18°C; fog may form, with visibility of 483 m; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the south at a speed of 7 km/h, in some places, small clouds may form in the sky

day length is 08:13

Thursday, January 2, 2025

The Sun:	Sunrise 07:36, Sunset 15:50.
The Moon:	Moonrise 09:40, Moonset 18:36, Moon phase: waxing crescent
	Geomagnetic Field: Quiet

Air temperature:

-6 °C

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, southern, speed 7 km/h
Relative humidity: 93-94%
Cloudiness: 25%
Atmospheric pressure: 976-977 hPa
Visibility: 99-100%

Air temperature:

-7...-1 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, southern, speed 7 km/h
Wind gusts: 11 km/h
Relative humidity: 83-93%
Cloudiness: 37%
Atmospheric pressure: 975 hPa
Visibility: 99-100%

Air temperature:

-3...+1 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, southern, speed 7 km/h
Wind gusts: 11 km/h
Relative humidity: 84-94%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 972-973 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Air temperature:

-5...-4 °C The air temperature will go down

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions: