Weather forecast in Sholak-Kargaly place

There is a light continuous stream of wind that is felt by the face; leaves rustle; ordinary vanes moved by wind.

Wind: light breeze, eastern, speed 4-7 km/h

On land:

At Sea:

Weak and short waves in the sea, still short, but more pronounced. Crests have a glassy appearance and do not break.

Wind gusts: 11 km/h
Relative humidity: 78-85%
Cloudiness: 65%
Atmospheric pressure: 917-919 hPa
Visibility: 43-70%

Air temperature:

-10 °C The air temperature will go down

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Sunday, December 22, 2024 in Sholak-Kargaly the weather is expected to be like this:

Wind: light breeze, southeast, speed 11 km/h
Relative humidity: 68-79%
Cloudiness: 49%
Atmospheric pressure: 916-917 hPa
Visibility: 53-67%

in the afternoon the air temperature warms up to -10...-8°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -11,84°C; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the east at a speed of 4-7 km/h, overcast sky
in the evening the air temperature drops to -10°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -14,65°C; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the south-east at a speed of 11 km/h, overcast sky

Monday, December 23, 2024

The Sun:	Sunrise 08:24, Sunset 17:23.
The Moon:	Moonrise 00:46, Moonset 12:55, Moon phase: in its last quarter
	Geomagnetic Field: Unstable
	UV index: 1,5 (Low)

Air temperature:

-10 °C The temperature will not change

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, southeast, speed 7 km/h
Wind gusts: 11 km/h
Relative humidity: 67-71%
Cloudiness: 49%
Atmospheric pressure: 915-916 hPa
Visibility: 49-84%

Air temperature:

-11...-8 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, eastern, speed 4-7 km/h
Wind gusts: 11 km/h
Relative humidity: 70-71%
Cloudiness: 49%
Atmospheric pressure: 915-916 hPa
Visibility: 80-100%

Direction of wind shown by smoke drift, but not by wind vanes.

Air temperature:

-8...-6 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Variably cloudy

Wind: light air, western, speed 4 km/h

On land:

At Sea:

There are very weak waves at sea. Ripples with the appearance of scales are formed, but without foam crests.

Wind gusts: 7 km/h
Relative humidity: 72-84%
Cloudiness: 50%
Atmospheric pressure: 916 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Light cloud cover in the sky, no precipitation

Air temperature:

-10...-9 °C The air temperature will go down

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Monday, December 23, 2024 in Sholak-Kargaly the weather forecast is expected to be like this:

Wind: light breeze, southern, speed 7 km/h
Relative humidity: 71-83%
Cloudiness: 29%
Atmospheric pressure: 916 hPa
Visibility: 100%

during the night the air temperature will be -10°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -14,76°C; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the south-east at a speed of 7 km/h, overcast sky
in the morning the air temperature warms up to -11...-8°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -14,35°C; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the east at a speed of 4-7 km/h, overcast sky
in the afternoon the air temperature warms up to -8...-6°C, dew point: -12,15°C; precipitation is not expected, light air wind blowing from the west at a speed of 4 km/h, overcast sky
in the evening the air temperature drops to -10...-9°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -14,68°C; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the south at a speed of 7 km/h, in some places, small clouds may form in the sky

day length is 08:59

Tuesday, December 24, 2024

The Sun:	Sunrise 08:24, Sunset 17:24.
The Moon:	Moonrise 01:48, Moonset 13:13, Moon phase: in its last quarter
	Geomagnetic Field: Unstable
	UV index: 1,6 (Low)

Air temperature:

-10 °C The temperature will not change

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, southeast, speed 7 km/h
Relative humidity: 67-70%
Cloudiness: 19%
Atmospheric pressure: 915-916 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Air temperature:

-10...-7 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, southern, speed 4-7 km/h
Relative humidity: 63-67%
Cloudiness: 56%
Atmospheric pressure: 916-917 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Air temperature:

-7...-5 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light air, northern, speed 4 km/h
Wind gusts: 7 km/h
Relative humidity: 66-75%
Cloudiness: 37%
Atmospheric pressure: 917 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Air temperature:

-9...-8 °C The air temperature will go down

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Tuesday, December 24, 2024 in Sholak-Kargaly the weather is expected to be like this:

Wind: light breeze, southern, speed 7 km/h
Wind gusts: 11 km/h
Relative humidity: 65-75%
Cloudiness: 88%
Atmospheric pressure: 917-919 hPa
Visibility: 100%

during the night the air temperature will be -10°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -15,29°C; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the south-east at a speed of 7 km/h, the sky is clear, without clouds
in the morning the air temperature warms up to -10...-7°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -15,76°C; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the south at a speed of 4-7 km/h, in some places, small clouds may form in the sky
in the afternoon the air temperature warms up to -7...-5°C, dew point: -12,38°C; precipitation is not expected, light air wind blowing from the north at a speed of 4 km/h, the sky is clear, without clouds
in the evening the air temperature drops to -9...-8°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -13,93°C; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the south at a speed of 7 km/h, overcast sky

Wednesday, December 25, 2024

The Sun:	Sunrise 08:25, Sunset 17:25.
The Moon:	Moonrise 02:50, Moonset 13:31, Moon phase: in its last quarter
	Geomagnetic Field: Unstable
	UV index: 1,7 (Low)

Air temperature:

-9 °C

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, southeast, speed 7 km/h
Relative humidity: 61-64%
Cloudiness: 13%
Atmospheric pressure: 917 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Air temperature:

-10...-6 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, southeast, speed 4-7 km/h
Relative humidity: 59-61%
Cloudiness: 0%
Atmospheric pressure: 916-917 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Air temperature:

-6...-4 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, eastern, speed 4-7 km/h
Relative humidity: 62-69%
Cloudiness: 0%
Atmospheric pressure: 916-917 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Air temperature:

-9...-8 °C The air temperature will go down

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wednesday, December 25, 2024 in Sholak-Kargaly the weather forecast is expected to be like this:

Wind: light breeze, southern, speed 7-11 km/h
Relative humidity: 64-70%
Cloudiness: 12%
Atmospheric pressure: 916-917 hPa
Visibility: 100%

during the night the air temperature will be -9°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -14,82°C; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the south-east at a speed of 7 km/h, the sky is clear, without clouds
in the morning the air temperature warms up to -10...-6°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -15,17°C; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the south-east at a speed of 4-7 km/h, the sky is clear, without clouds
in the afternoon the air temperature warms up to -6...-4°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -11,88°C; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the east at a speed of 4-7 km/h, the sky is clear, without clouds
in the evening the air temperature drops to -9...-8°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -14,33°C; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the south at a speed of 7-11 km/h, the sky is clear, without clouds

Thursday, December 26, 2024

The Sun:	Sunrise 08:25, Sunset 17:25.
The Moon:	Moonrise 03:54, Moonset 13:53, Moon phase: waning crescent
	Geomagnetic Field: Quiet
	UV index: 1,7 (Low)

Air temperature:

-9...-8 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, southern, speed 7-11 km/h
Relative humidity: 54-62%
Cloudiness: 5%
Atmospheric pressure: 913-916 hPa
Visibility: 89-100%

Air temperature:

-9...-5 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, southeast, speed 4-7 km/h
Wind gusts: 11 km/h
Relative humidity: 54-57%
Cloudiness: 36%
Atmospheric pressure: 913-915 hPa
Visibility: 81-100%

Air temperature:

-4...-3 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, northern, speed 4-7 km/h
Relative humidity: 57-67%
Cloudiness: 23%
Atmospheric pressure: 913-915 hPa
Visibility: 98-100%

Air temperature:

-6...-5 °C The air temperature will go down

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Thursday, December 26, 2024 in Sholak-Kargaly the weather is expected to be like this:

Wind: light breeze, southwest, speed 11 km/h
Relative humidity: 50-59%
Cloudiness: 98%
Atmospheric pressure: 913 hPa
Visibility: 100%

during the night the air temperature warms up to -9...-8°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -15,23°C; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the south at a speed of 7-11 km/h, the sky is clear, without clouds
in the morning the air temperature warms up to -9...-5°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -15,44°C; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the south-east at a speed of 4-7 km/h, in some places, small clouds may form in the sky
in the afternoon the air temperature warms up to -4...-3°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -12,84°C; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the north at a speed of 4-7 km/h, in some places, small clouds may form in the sky
in the evening the air temperature drops to -6...-5°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -14,39°C; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the south-west at a speed of 11 km/h, overcast sky

Friday, December 27, 2024

The Sun:	Sunrise 08:25, Sunset 17:26.
The Moon:	Moonrise 05:00, Moonset 14:18, Moon phase: waning crescent
	Geomagnetic Field: Quiet

Air temperature:

-6...-4 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, southern, speed 7-11 km/h
Wind gusts: 14 km/h
Relative humidity: 54-55%
Cloudiness: 99%
Atmospheric pressure: 913 hPa
Visibility: 100%

The sky is overcast, no precipitation

Air temperature:

-4...-1 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, southwest, speed 7-11 km/h
Wind gusts: 14 km/h
Relative humidity: 55-62%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 913-916 hPa
Visibility: 100%

The sky is overcast, no precipitation

Air temperature:

-1...+1 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, northern, speed 4-7 km/h
Wind gusts: 11 km/h
Relative humidity: 64-71%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 916-919 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Air temperature:

-4...-2 °C The air temperature will go down

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Friday, December 27, 2024 in Sholak-Kargaly the weather forecast is expected to be like this:

Wind: light breeze, southern, speed 7-11 km/h
Relative humidity: 68-74%
Cloudiness: 89%
Atmospheric pressure: 919 hPa
Visibility: 100%

during the night the air temperature warms up to -6...-4°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -14,25°C; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the south at a speed of 7-11 km/h, overcast sky
in the morning the air temperature warms up to -4...-1°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -12,73°C; there may be light precipitation, light breeze wind blowing from the south-west at a speed of 7-11 km/h, overcast sky
in the afternoon the air temperature warms up to -1...+1°C, dew point: -8,28°C; there may be light precipitation, light breeze wind blowing from the north at a speed of 4-7 km/h, overcast sky
in the evening the air temperature drops to -4...-2°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -7,72°C; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the south at a speed of 7-11 km/h, overcast sky

day length is 09:01

Saturday, December 28, 2024

The Sun:	Sunrise 08:25, Sunset 17:27.
The Moon:	Moonrise 06:07, Moonset 14:52, Moon phase: waning crescent
	Geomagnetic Field: Quiet

Air temperature:

-4 °C

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, southern, speed 11 km/h
Relative humidity: 66-70%
Cloudiness: 95%
Atmospheric pressure: 919 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Air temperature:

-5...-2 °C The temperature will rise

Air temperature:

-4...-3 °C The air temperature will go down

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Saturday, December 28, 2024 in Sholak-Kargaly the weather is expected to be like this:

Wind: light breeze, southern, speed 7 km/h
Relative humidity: 58-69%
Cloudiness: 51%
Atmospheric pressure: 915-916 hPa
Visibility: 100%

during the night the air temperature drops to -4°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -8,88°C; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the south at a speed of 11 km/h, overcast sky
in the morning the air temperature warms up to -5...-2°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -11,41°C; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the south-east at a speed of 7-11 km/h, the sky is clear, without clouds
in the afternoon the air temperature warms up to -2...0°C, dew point: -8,25°C; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the east at a speed of 4-7 km/h, overcast sky
in the evening the air temperature drops to -4...-3°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -12,89°C; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the south at a speed of 7 km/h, the sky is clear, without clouds

day length is 09:02

Sunday, December 29, 2024

The Sun:	Sunrise 08:26, Sunset 17:27.
The Moon:	Moonrise 07:14, Moonset 15:35, Moon phase: waning crescent
	Geomagnetic Field: Quiet

Air temperature:

-5...-4 °C The air temperature will go down

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, southern, speed 7-11 km/h
Relative humidity: 57-59%
Cloudiness: 78%
Atmospheric pressure: 913-915 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Air temperature:

-5...-3 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, southwest, speed 7-11 km/h
Relative humidity: 56-64%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 912-913 hPa
Visibility: 91-100%

Air temperature:

-2...-1 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, western, speed 4-7 km/h
Relative humidity: 60-65%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 911-912 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Air temperature:

-7...-3 °C The air temperature will go down

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Sunday, December 29, 2024 in Sholak-Kargaly the weather forecast is expected to be like this:

Wind: light breeze, southern, speed 11 km/h
Relative humidity: 68-75%
Cloudiness: 97%
Atmospheric pressure: 911-917 hPa
Visibility: 100%

during the night the air temperature drops to -5...-4°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -13,41°C; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the south at a speed of 7-11 km/h, overcast sky
in the morning the air temperature warms up to -5...-3°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -13,36°C; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the south-west at a speed of 7-11 km/h, the sky is clear, without clouds
in the afternoon the air temperature warms up to -2...-1°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -8,97°C; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the west at a speed of 4-7 km/h, overcast sky
in the evening the air temperature drops to -7...-3°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -11,8°C; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the south at a speed of 11 km/h, overcast sky

day length is 09:01

Monday, December 30, 2024

The Sun:	Sunrise 08:26, Sunset 17:28.
The Moon:	Moonrise 08:15, Moonset 16:28, Moon phase: new
	Geomagnetic Field: Quiet

Air temperature:

-8...-7 °C The air temperature will go down

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, southern, speed 7-11 km/h
Relative humidity: 67-68%
Cloudiness: 85%
Atmospheric pressure: 915-916 hPa
Visibility: 90-100%

Air temperature:

-8...-5 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, southwest, speed 4-7 km/h
Relative humidity: 68-76%
Cloudiness: 13%
Atmospheric pressure: 913-915 hPa
Visibility: 89-96%

Air temperature:

-6...-3 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, western, speed 4-7 km/h
Relative humidity: 79-82%
Cloudiness: 73%
Atmospheric pressure: 912-913 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Monday, December 30, 2024 in Sholak-Kargaly the weather is expected to be like this:

Air temperature:

-7...-6 °C The air temperature will go down

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Snow expected

Wind: light breeze, southwest, speed 7 km/h
Relative humidity: 76-78%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 913 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 1,9 mm
Visibility: 100%

during the night the air temperature drops to -8...-7°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -12,91°C; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the south at a speed of 7-11 km/h, overcast sky
in the morning the air temperature warms up to -8...-5°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -13,19°C; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the south-west at a speed of 4-7 km/h, in some places, small clouds may form in the sky
in the afternoon the air temperature warms up to -6...-3°C, dew point: -9,38°C; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the west at a speed of 4-7 km/h, in some places, small clouds may form in the sky
in the evening the air temperature drops to -7...-6°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -11,13°C; precipitations in the form of heavy snow, snow are expected, light breeze wind blowing from the south-west at a speed of 7 km/h, overcast sky

day length is 09:02

Tuesday, December 31, 2024

The Sun:	Sunrise 08:26, Sunset 17:29.
The Moon:	Moonrise 09:09, Moonset 17:33, Moon phase: new
	Geomagnetic Field: Quiet

Air temperature:

-6 °C

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, southern, speed 7 km/h
Relative humidity: 67-76%
Cloudiness: 98%
Atmospheric pressure: 913 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 0,3 mm
Visibility: 100%

Air temperature:

-6...-2 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, southern, speed 4-7 km/h
Relative humidity: 65-74%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 912-913 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Air temperature:

-1...0 °C

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light air, southeast, speed 4 km/h
Relative humidity: 77-83%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 911-912 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Air temperature:

-4...-2 °C The air temperature will go down

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Tuesday, December 31, 2024 in Sholak-Kargaly the weather forecast is expected to be like this:

Wind: light breeze, southern, speed 4-7 km/h
Relative humidity: 74-75%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 911-912 hPa
Visibility: 100%

during the night the air temperature warms up to -6°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -11,51°C; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the south at a speed of 7 km/h, overcast sky
in the morning the air temperature warms up to -6...-2°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -11,88°C; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the south at a speed of 4-7 km/h, overcast sky
in the afternoon the air temperature warms up to -1...0°C, dew point: -5,05°C; precipitation is not expected, light air wind blowing from the south-east at a speed of 4 km/h, overcast sky
in the evening the air temperature drops to -4...-2°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -8,01°C; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the south at a speed of 4-7 km/h, overcast sky

day length is 09:03

Wednesday, January 1, 2025

The Sun:	Sunrise 08:26, Sunset 17:30.
The Moon:	Moonrise 09:53, Moonset 18:45, Moon phase: waxing crescent
	Geomagnetic Field: Quiet

Air temperature:

-4 °C

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, southern, speed 4-7 km/h
Relative humidity: 75-78%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 909-911 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Air temperature:

-5...-2 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, southwest, speed 4-7 km/h
Relative humidity: 76-77%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 909 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Air temperature:

-3...-1 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, western, speed 4-7 km/h
Relative humidity: 78-84%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 909-911 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Air temperature:

-4 °C

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions: