Weather forecast in Ninghua place

There is a light continuous stream of wind that is felt by the face; leaves rustle; ordinary vanes moved by wind.

Wind: light breeze, northern, speed 4-11 km/h

On land:

At Sea:

Weak and short waves in the sea, still short, but more pronounced. Crests have a glassy appearance and do not break.

Wind gusts: 32 km/h
Relative humidity: 53-65%
Cloudiness: 8%
Atmospheric pressure: 988 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Wednesday, December 18, 2024 in Ninghua the weather is expected to be like this:

in the evening the air temperature drops to +4...+9°C; too cold: chilly, dew point: -2,11°C; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the north at a speed of 4-11 km/h, the sky is clear, without clouds

Thursday, December 19, 2024

The Sun:	Sunrise 06:56, Sunset 17:26.
The Moon:	Moonrise 21:19, Moonset 10:14, Moon phase: waning gibbous
	Geomagnetic Field: Unstable
	UV index: 4,6 (Moderate) Protection from UV radiation from the Sun is necessary. A UV index reading of 3 to 5 means moderate risk of harm from unprotected sun exposure. Stay in shade near midday when the sun is strongest. If outdoors, wear sun protective clothing, a wide-brimmed hat, and UV-blocking sunglasses. Generously apply broad spectrum SPF 30+ sunscreen every 2 hours, even on cloudy days, and after swimming or sweating. Bright surfaces, such as sand, water, and snow, will increase UV exposure.

Air temperature:

+2...+4 °C The air temperature will go down

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, northern, speed 4-7 km/h
Relative humidity: 67-75%
Cloudiness: 31%
Atmospheric pressure: 988 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Air temperature:

+1...+9 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, northern, speed 4-7 km/h
Wind gusts: 18 km/h
Relative humidity: 41-76%
Cloudiness: 0%
Atmospheric pressure: 988-991 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Air temperature:

+9...+12 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, northern, speed 7-11 km/h
Wind gusts: 18 km/h
Relative humidity: 34-43%
Cloudiness: 6%
Atmospheric pressure: 985-988 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Air temperature:

+3...+8 °C The air temperature will go down

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Thursday, December 19, 2024 in Ninghua the weather forecast is expected to be like this:

Wind: light breeze, northern, speed 4-7 km/h
Wind gusts: 18 km/h
Relative humidity: 53-75%
Cloudiness: 0%
Atmospheric pressure: 987 hPa
Visibility: 100%

during the night the air temperature drops to +2...+4°C; too cold: chilly, dew point: -2,87°C; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the north at a speed of 4-7 km/h, the sky is clear, without clouds
in the morning the air temperature warms up to +1...+9°C; too cold: chilly, dew point: -4,14°C; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the north at a speed of 4-7 km/h, the sky is clear, without clouds
in the afternoon the air temperature warms up to +9...+12°C, dew point: -3,97°C; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the north at a speed of 7-11 km/h, the sky is clear, without clouds
in the evening the air temperature drops to +3...+8°C; too cold: chilly, dew point: -1,58°C; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the north at a speed of 4-7 km/h, the sky is clear, without clouds

Friday, December 20, 2024

The Sun:	Sunrise 06:56, Sunset 17:26.
The Moon:	Moonrise 22:15, Moonset 10:49, Moon phase: waning gibbous
	Geomagnetic Field: Quiet
	UV index: 4,8 (Moderate)

Air temperature:

0...+3 °C

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Direction of wind shown by smoke drift, but not by wind vanes.

Wind: light air, northern, speed 4 km/h

On land:

At Sea:

There are very weak waves at sea. Ripples with the appearance of scales are formed, but without foam crests.

Relative humidity: 76-88%
Cloudiness: 0%
Atmospheric pressure: 985-987 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Air temperature:

0...+10 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light air, northern, speed 4 km/h
Wind gusts: 11 km/h
Relative humidity: 45-90%
Cloudiness: 1%
Atmospheric pressure: 987 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Air temperature:

+11...+13 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, northern, speed 4-7 km/h
Wind gusts: 14 km/h
Relative humidity: 38-48%
Cloudiness: 0%
Atmospheric pressure: 981-984 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Air temperature:

+4...+9 °C The air temperature will go down

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Friday, December 20, 2024 in Ninghua the weather is expected to be like this:

Wind: light breeze, northwest, speed 4-7 km/h
Relative humidity: 58-82%
Cloudiness: 0%
Atmospheric pressure: 983-984 hPa
Visibility: 100%

during the night the air temperature drops to 0...+3°C, dew point: -2,82°C; precipitation is not expected, light air wind blowing from the north at a speed of 4 km/h, the sky is clear, without clouds
in the morning the air temperature warms up to 0...+10°C, dew point: -3,1°C; precipitation is not expected, light air wind blowing from the north at a speed of 4 km/h, the sky is clear, without clouds
in the afternoon the air temperature warms up to +11...+13°C, dew point: -1,96°C; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the north at a speed of 4-7 km/h, the sky is clear, without clouds
in the evening the air temperature drops to +4...+9°C; too cold: chilly, dew point: +0,36°C; ratio of temperature, wind speed and humidity: Slightly dry; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the north-west at a speed of 4-7 km/h, the sky is clear, without clouds

Saturday, December 21, 2024

The Sun:	Sunrise 06:57, Sunset 17:27.
The Moon:	Moonrise 23:09, Moonset 11:21, Moon phase: waning gibbous
	Geomagnetic Field: Quiet
	UV index: 4,8 (Moderate)

Air temperature:

+2...+4 °C The air temperature will go down

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light air, northwest, speed 4 km/h
Relative humidity: 79-84%
Cloudiness: 0%
Atmospheric pressure: 984-985 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Air temperature:

+2...+11 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, northern, speed 4-7 km/h
Wind gusts: 14 km/h
Relative humidity: 46-85%
Cloudiness: 5%
Atmospheric pressure: 985-988 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Light cloud cover in the sky, no precipitation

Air temperature:

+11...+14 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

The thin branches and leaves on the trees fluctuate continuously; wind extends light flag.

Wind: gentle breeze, northern, speed 7-14 km/h

On land:

At Sea:

Light and short waves are clearly visible at sea. Foam of glassy appearance. Perhaps scattered white horses.

Wind gusts: 29 km/h
Relative humidity: 33-41%
Cloudiness: 20%
Atmospheric pressure: 984-987 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Air temperature:

+5...+9 °C The air temperature will go down

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Saturday, December 21, 2024 in Ninghua the weather forecast is expected to be like this:

Wind: light breeze, northern, speed 4-7 km/h
Wind gusts: 25 km/h
Relative humidity: 48-71%
Cloudiness: 14%
Atmospheric pressure: 987-988 hPa
Visibility: 100%

during the night the air temperature drops to +2...+4°C, dew point: -0,89°C; precipitation is not expected, light air wind blowing from the north-west at a speed of 4 km/h, the sky is clear, without clouds
in the morning the air temperature warms up to +2...+11°C; too cold: chilly, dew point: -1,09°C; ratio of temperature, wind speed and humidity: Slightly dry; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the north at a speed of 4-7 km/h, the sky is clear, without clouds
in the afternoon the air temperature warms up to +11...+14°C, dew point: -2,92°C; precipitation is not expected, gentle breeze wind blowing from the north at a speed of 7-14 km/h, in some places, small clouds may form in the sky
in the evening the air temperature drops to +5...+9°C; too cold: chilly, dew point: -2,41°C; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the north at a speed of 4-7 km/h, the sky is clear, without clouds

Sunday, December 22, 2024

The Sun:	Sunrise 06:57, Sunset 17:27.
The Moon:	Moonrise --:--, Moonset 11:49, Moon phase: waning gibbous
	Geomagnetic Field: Quiet
	UV index: 4,9 (Moderate)

Air temperature:

+2...+4 °C The air temperature will go down

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light air, northern, speed 4 km/h
Relative humidity: 73-79%
Cloudiness: 49%
Atmospheric pressure: 988 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Air temperature:

+2...+10 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light air, northeast, speed 4 km/h
Wind gusts: 14 km/h
Relative humidity: 45-79%
Cloudiness: 50%
Atmospheric pressure: 988-989 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Air temperature:

+11...+14 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, northeast, speed 7-11 km/h
Wind gusts: 22 km/h
Relative humidity: 38-43%
Cloudiness: 56%
Atmospheric pressure: 985-988 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Air temperature:

+5...+10 °C The air temperature will go down

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Sunday, December 22, 2024 in Ninghua the weather is expected to be like this:

Wind: light breeze, northern, speed 7 km/h
Wind gusts: 18 km/h
Relative humidity: 50-74%
Cloudiness: 52%
Atmospheric pressure: 985-987 hPa
Visibility: 100%

during the night the air temperature drops to +2...+4°C, dew point: -1,18°C; precipitation is not expected, light air wind blowing from the north at a speed of 4 km/h, in some places, small clouds may form in the sky
in the morning the air temperature warms up to +2...+10°C, dew point: -2°C; precipitation is not expected, light air wind blowing from the north-east at a speed of 4 km/h, the sky is clear, without clouds
in the afternoon the air temperature warms up to +11...+14°C, dew point: -1,55°C; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the north-east at a speed of 7-11 km/h, the sky is clear, without clouds
in the evening the air temperature drops to +5...+10°C; too cold: chilly, dew point: -0,53°C; ratio of temperature, wind speed and humidity: Slightly dry; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the north at a speed of 7 km/h, the sky is clear, without clouds

Monday, December 23, 2024

The Sun:	Sunrise 06:58, Sunset 17:28.
The Moon:	Moonrise 00:00, Moonset 12:16, Moon phase: in its last quarter
	Geomagnetic Field: Quiet

Air temperature:

+3...+5 °C The air temperature will go down

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light air, northern, speed 4 km/h
Wind gusts: 7 km/h
Relative humidity: 74-75%
Cloudiness: 51%
Atmospheric pressure: 985-987 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Air temperature:

+3...+9 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, northern, speed 4-7 km/h
Wind gusts: 14 km/h
Relative humidity: 49-77%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 985-987 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 0,8 mm
Visibility: 100%

Air temperature:

+9...+11 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, northwest, speed 4-11 km/h
Wind gusts: 18 km/h
Relative humidity: 53-68%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 985-987 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 0,4 mm
Visibility: 100%

Monday, December 23, 2024 in Ninghua the weather forecast is expected to be like this:

Air temperature:

+4...+8 °C The air temperature will go down

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Cloudy sky, no precipitation

Wind: light breeze, northwest, speed 4-11 km/h
Wind gusts: 14 km/h
Relative humidity: 59-77%
Cloudiness: 77%
Atmospheric pressure: 988-989 hPa
Visibility: 100%

during the night the air temperature drops to +3...+5°C, dew point: -2,02°C; precipitation is not expected, light air wind blowing from the north at a speed of 4 km/h, the sky is clear, without clouds
in the morning the air temperature warms up to +3...+9°C; too cold: chilly, dew point: -1,87°C; very light rain may fall in some places, when leaving the house, we recommend that you bring an umbrella, light breeze wind blowing from the north at a speed of 4-7 km/h, overcast sky
in the afternoon the air temperature warms up to +9...+11°C, dew point: -1,76°C; ratio of temperature, wind speed and humidity: Slightly dry; very light rain may fall in some places, when leaving the house, we recommend that you bring an umbrella, light breeze wind blowing from the north-west at a speed of 4-11 km/h, overcast sky
in the evening the air temperature drops to +4...+8°C; too cold: chilly, dew point: -1,25°C; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the north-west at a speed of 4-11 km/h, overcast sky

Tuesday, December 24, 2024

The Sun:	Sunrise 06:58, Sunset 17:28.
The Moon:	Moonrise 00:51, Moonset 12:43, Moon phase: in its last quarter
	Geomagnetic Field: Quiet

Air temperature:

+1...+3 °C The air temperature will go down

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, northern, speed 4-7 km/h
Relative humidity: 78-82%
Cloudiness: 61%
Atmospheric pressure: 989 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Air temperature:

+1...+9 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, northern, speed 4-7 km/h
Wind gusts: 14 km/h
Relative humidity: 53-82%
Cloudiness: 63%
Atmospheric pressure: 989-991 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Air temperature:

+10...+13 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, northern, speed 7 km/h
Wind gusts: 14 km/h
Relative humidity: 45-52%
Cloudiness: 27%
Atmospheric pressure: 987-989 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Air temperature:

+4...+10 °C The air temperature will go down

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Tuesday, December 24, 2024 in Ninghua the weather is expected to be like this:

Wind: light breeze, northwest, speed 4-7 km/h
Wind gusts: 14 km/h
Relative humidity: 60-86%
Cloudiness: 10%
Atmospheric pressure: 987-989 hPa
Visibility: 100%

during the night the air temperature drops to +1...+3°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -2,29°C; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the north at a speed of 4-7 km/h, the sky is clear, without clouds
in the morning the air temperature warms up to +1...+9°C; too cold: chilly, dew point: -2,2°C; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the north at a speed of 4-7 km/h, the sky is clear, without clouds
in the afternoon the air temperature warms up to +10...+13°C, dew point: -0,65°C; ratio of temperature, wind speed and humidity: Slightly dry; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the north at a speed of 7 km/h, the sky is clear, without clouds
in the evening the air temperature drops to +4...+10°C; too cold: chilly, dew point: +1,51°C; ratio of temperature, wind speed and humidity: Slightly dry; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the north-west at a speed of 4-7 km/h, the sky is clear, without clouds

Wednesday, December 25, 2024

The Sun:	Sunrise 06:59, Sunset 17:29.
The Moon:	Moonrise 01:42, Moonset 13:13, Moon phase: in its last quarter
	Geomagnetic Field: Quiet

Air temperature:

+2...+4 °C The air temperature will go down

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light air, western, speed 4 km/h
Wind gusts: 7 km/h
Relative humidity: 88-94%
Cloudiness: 52%
Atmospheric pressure: 988-989 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Air temperature:

+2...+12 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light air, southeast, speed 4 km/h
Wind gusts: 7 km/h
Relative humidity: 55-93%
Cloudiness: 53%
Atmospheric pressure: 988-989 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Air temperature:

+14...+17 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, northern, speed 4-7 km/h
Wind gusts: 14 km/h
Relative humidity: 46-54%
Cloudiness: 57%
Atmospheric pressure: 985-988 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Air temperature:

+11...+14 °C The air temperature will go down

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wednesday, December 25, 2024 in Ninghua the weather forecast is expected to be like this:

Wind: light breeze, northwest, speed 4-7 km/h
Wind gusts: 14 km/h
Relative humidity: 61-75%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 985-987 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 0,1 mm
Visibility: 100%

during the night the air temperature drops to +2...+4°C, dew point: +0,53°C; ratio of temperature, wind speed and humidity: Slightly dry; precipitation is not expected, light air wind blowing from the west at a speed of 4 km/h, overcast sky
in the morning the air temperature warms up to +2...+12°C, dew point: +0,67°C; ratio of temperature, wind speed and humidity: Slightly dry; precipitation is not expected, light air wind blowing from the south-east at a speed of 4 km/h, in some places, small clouds may form in the sky
in the afternoon the air temperature warms up to +14...+17°C, dew point: +3,39°C; ratio of temperature, wind speed and humidity: Slightly dry; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the north at a speed of 4-7 km/h, the sky is clear, without clouds
in the evening the air temperature drops to +11...+14°C, dew point: +4,63°C; ratio of temperature, wind speed and humidity: Slightly dry; very light rain may fall in some places, when leaving the house, we recommend that you bring an umbrella, light breeze wind blowing from the north-west at a speed of 4-7 km/h, overcast sky

Thursday, December 26, 2024

The Sun:	Sunrise 06:59, Sunset 17:29.
The Moon:	Moonrise 02:35, Moonset 13:44, Moon phase: waning crescent
	Geomagnetic Field: Quiet

Air temperature:

+9...+11 °C The air temperature will go down

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, northern, speed 4-7 km/h
Relative humidity: 65-78%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 985 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 0,2 mm
Visibility: 98-100%

Air temperature:

+9...+12 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, northwest, speed 4-7 km/h
Relative humidity: 60-77%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 985-988 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Air temperature:

+12 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, northern, speed 4-7 km/h
Wind gusts: 11 km/h
Relative humidity: 60-61%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 984-987 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Air temperature:

+8...+11 °C The air temperature will go down

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Thursday, December 26, 2024 in Ninghua the weather is expected to be like this:

Wind: light breeze, northern, speed 4-7 km/h
Wind gusts: 11 km/h
Relative humidity: 62-70%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 985-987 hPa
Visibility: 100%

during the night the air temperature drops to +9...+11°C, dew point: +4,67°C; ratio of temperature, wind speed and humidity: Slightly dry; very light rain may fall in some places, when leaving the house, we recommend that you bring an umbrella, light breeze wind blowing from the north at a speed of 4-7 km/h, overcast sky
in the morning the air temperature warms up to +9...+12°C, dew point: +4,87°C; ratio of temperature, wind speed and humidity: Slightly dry; there may be light precipitation, light breeze wind blowing from the north-west at a speed of 4-7 km/h, overcast sky
in the afternoon the air temperature warms up to +12°C, dew point: +4,17°C; ratio of temperature, wind speed and humidity: Slightly dry; there may be light precipitation, light breeze wind blowing from the north at a speed of 4-7 km/h, overcast sky
in the evening the air temperature drops to +8...+11°C, dew point: +3,26°C; ratio of temperature, wind speed and humidity: Slightly dry; there may be light precipitation, light breeze wind blowing from the north at a speed of 4-7 km/h, overcast sky

Friday, December 27, 2024

The Sun:	Sunrise 06:59, Sunset 17:30.
The Moon:	Moonrise 03:30, Moonset 14:19, Moon phase: waning crescent
	Geomagnetic Field: Quiet

Air temperature:

+6...+7 °C The air temperature will go down

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light air, northern, speed 4 km/h
Relative humidity: 72-78%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 985-987 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Air temperature:

+6...+15 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light air, northern, speed 4 km/h
Wind gusts: 7 km/h
Relative humidity: 49-76%
Cloudiness: 95%
Atmospheric pressure: 985-987 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Air temperature:

+15...+16 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light air, northern, speed 4 km/h
Wind gusts: 7 km/h
Relative humidity: 41-54%
Cloudiness: 23%
Atmospheric pressure: 981-985 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Air temperature:

+10...+14 °C The air temperature will go down

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Friday, December 27, 2024 in Ninghua the weather forecast is expected to be like this:

Wind: light air, northern, speed 4 km/h
Relative humidity: 60-76%
Cloudiness: 92%
Atmospheric pressure: 981-983 hPa
Visibility: 100%

during the night the air temperature drops to +6...+7°C, dew point: +2,1°C; ratio of temperature, wind speed and humidity: Slightly dry; precipitation is not expected, light air wind blowing from the north at a speed of 4 km/h, the sky is clear, without clouds
in the morning the air temperature warms up to +6...+15°C, dew point: +2,2°C; ratio of temperature, wind speed and humidity: Slightly dry; precipitation is not expected, light air wind blowing from the north at a speed of 4 km/h, overcast sky
in the afternoon the air temperature warms up to +15...+16°C, dew point: +4,57°C; ratio of temperature, wind speed and humidity: Slightly dry; precipitation is not expected, light air wind blowing from the north at a speed of 4 km/h, in some places, small clouds may form in the sky
in the evening the air temperature drops to +10...+14°C, dew point: +5,65°C; ratio of temperature, wind speed and humidity: Slightly dry; precipitation is not expected, light air wind blowing from the north at a speed of 4 km/h, overcast sky

day length is 10:31

Saturday, December 28, 2024

The Sun:	Sunrise 07:00, Sunset 17:31.
The Moon:	Moonrise 04:27, Moonset 15:01, Moon phase: waning crescent
	Geomagnetic Field: Quiet

Air temperature:

+8...+10 °C The air temperature will go down

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light air, northeast, speed 4 km/h
Relative humidity: 78-88%
Cloudiness: 82%
Atmospheric pressure: 981-983 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Air temperature:

+9...+17 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light air, eastern, speed 4 km/h
Wind gusts: 7 km/h
Relative humidity: 60-86%
Cloudiness: 77%
Atmospheric pressure: 981-983 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Air temperature:

+15...+18 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light air, northeast, speed 4 km/h
Relative humidity: 57-70%
Cloudiness: 97%
Atmospheric pressure: 980-981 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Air temperature:

+13...+14 °C The air temperature will go down

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions: