Weather forecast and meteo conditions in Ukraine and the world

RomaniaRomaniaBTLunca

Weather in Lunca

Current time in Lunca:

 
:
 
Local time.
Time zone: GMT
winter time
* weather indicated in local time
Monday, January 6, 2025
The Sun:  Sunrise 08:00, Sunset 16:36.
The Moon:  Moonrise 11:20, Moonset --:--, Moon phase: waxing crescent waxing crescent
 Geomagnetic Field: Minor Storm
Power systems: Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.

Spacecraft operations: Minor impact on satellite operations possible.

Other systems: Migratory animals are affected at this and higher levels; aurora is commonly visible at high latitudes (northern Michigan and Maine).
 UV index: 0,8 (Low)
Protection from UV radiation from the Sun is not necessary. A UV index reading of 0 to 2 means low danger from the sun's UV rays for the average person. Wear sunglasses on bright days. If you burn easily, cover up and use broad spectrum SPF 30+ sunscreen. Bright surfaces, such as sand, water, and snow, will increase UV exposure.

by dayfrom 12:00 to 18:00Clear skies, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +5...+7 °CThe temperature will rise
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Clear skies, no precipitation
southern
Wind: light breeze, southern, speed 11 km/h
On land:
There is a light continuous stream of wind that is felt by the face; leaves rustle; ordinary vanes moved by wind.
At Sea:
Weak and short waves in the sea, still short, but more pronounced. Crests have a glassy appearance and do not break.

Wind gusts: 22 km/h
Relative humidity: 69-84%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 997 hPa
Visibility: 100%

in the eveningfrom 18:01 to 00:00Clear skies, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +4...+6 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Clear skies, no precipitation
southeast
Wind: light breeze, southeast, speed 7-11 km/h
Wind gusts: 18 km/h
Relative humidity: 87-90%
Cloudiness: 44%
Atmospheric pressure: 997-999 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Tuesday, January 7, 2025
The Sun:  Sunrise 07:59, Sunset 16:37.
The Moon:  Moonrise 11:38, Moonset 00:35, Moon phase: in its first quarter in its first quarter
 Geomagnetic Field: Active
 UV index: 0,9 (Low)

at nightfrom 00:01 to 06:00Cloudy sky, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +4...+5 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Cloudy sky, no precipitation
southeast
Wind: light breeze, southeast, speed 7-11 km/h
Wind gusts: 14 km/h
Relative humidity: 87-89%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 1000 hPa
Visibility: 100%

in the morningfrom 06:01 to 12:00Cloudy sky, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +5...+8 °CThe temperature will rise
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Cloudy sky, no precipitation
southeast
Wind: light breeze, southeast, speed 7-11 km/h
Wind gusts: 18 km/h
Relative humidity: 77-87%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 1000 hPa
Visibility: 100%

by dayfrom 12:01 to 18:00Cloudy sky, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +8...+10 °CThe temperature will rise
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Cloudy sky, no precipitation
southeast
Wind: light breeze, southeast, speed 11 km/h
Wind gusts: 22 km/h
Relative humidity: 71-88%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 999-1000 hPa
Visibility: 100%

in the eveningfrom 18:01 to 00:00The sky is overcast, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +6...+8 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
The sky is overcast, no precipitation
southeast
Wind: light breeze, southeast, speed 7-11 km/h
Wind gusts: 22 km/h
Relative humidity: 90-93%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 997-999 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Wednesday, January 8, 2025
The Sun:  Sunrise 07:59, Sunset 16:39.
The Moon:  Moonrise 11:58, Moonset 01:57, Moon phase: waxing gibbous waxing gibbous
 Geomagnetic Field: Unstable
 UV index: 0,8 (Low)

at nightfrom 00:01 to 06:00Cloudy sky, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +6 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Cloudy sky, no precipitation
southeast
Wind: light breeze, southeast, speed 7-11 km/h
Wind gusts: 14 km/h
Relative humidity: 86-95%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 996-997 hPa
Visibility: 100%

in the morningfrom 06:01 to 12:00Cloudy sky, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +6...+9 °CThe temperature will rise
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Cloudy sky, no precipitation
southwest
Wind: gentle breeze, southwest, speed 11-14 km/h
On land:
The thin branches and leaves on the trees fluctuate continuously; wind extends light flag.
At Sea:
Light and short waves are clearly visible at sea. Foam of glassy appearance. Perhaps scattered white horses.

Wind gusts: 29 km/h
Relative humidity: 82-88%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 996-1001 hPa
Visibility: 100%

by dayfrom 12:01 to 18:00Cloudy sky, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +10...+11 °CThe temperature will rise
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Cloudy sky, no precipitation
southern
Wind: gentle breeze, southern, speed 7-14 km/h
Wind gusts: 29 km/h
Relative humidity: 75-89%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 999-1000 hPa
Visibility: 100%

in the eveningfrom 18:01 to 00:00Cloudy sky, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +8...+10 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Cloudy sky, no precipitation
southern
Wind: gentle breeze, southern, speed 14-18 km/h
Wind gusts: 43 km/h
Relative humidity: 75-87%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 999-1000 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Thursday, January 9, 2025
The Sun:  Sunrise 07:59, Sunset 16:40.
The Moon:  Moonrise 12:23, Moonset 03:20, Moon phase: waxing gibbous waxing gibbous
 Geomagnetic Field: Quiet
 UV index: 1 (Low)

at nightfrom 00:01 to 06:00Variably cloudy
Air temperature:
 +7...+9 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Variably cloudy
southern
Wind: gentle breeze, southern, speed 4-18 km/h
Wind gusts: 36 km/h
Relative humidity: 74-88%
Cloudiness: 86%
Atmospheric pressure: 1000-1001 hPa
Visibility: 100%

in the morningfrom 06:01 to 12:00Clear skies, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +6...+10 °CThe temperature will not change
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Clear skies, no precipitation
southern
Wind: gentle breeze, southern, speed 4-18 km/h
Wind gusts: 32 km/h
Relative humidity: 68-90%
Cloudiness: 99%
Atmospheric pressure: 1001-1003 hPa
Visibility: 100%

by dayfrom 12:01 to 18:00Clear skies, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +10...+13 °CThe temperature will rise
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Clear skies, no precipitation
southeast
Wind: moderate breeze, southeast, speed 14-22 km/h
On land:
The wind picks up dust and small pieces of paper; small branches are moved.
At Sea:
The sea is moderately rough. Waves appear in the form of elongated ridges, some of which are overturned; fairly frequent white horses.

Wind gusts: 36 km/h
Relative humidity: 64-84%
Cloudiness: 46%
Atmospheric pressure: 1000-1001 hPa
Visibility: 100%

in the eveningfrom 18:01 to 00:00Clear skies, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +6...+9 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Clear skies, no precipitation
southeast
Wind: gentle breeze, southeast, speed 7-14 km/h
Wind gusts: 25 km/h
Relative humidity: 86-92%
Cloudiness: 67%
Atmospheric pressure: 999-1000 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Friday, January 10, 2025
The Sun:  Sunrise 07:58, Sunset 16:41.
The Moon:  Moonrise 12:56, Moonset 04:43, Moon phase: waxing gibbous waxing gibbous
 Geomagnetic Field: Quiet
 UV index: 0,8 (Low)

at nightfrom 00:01 to 06:00Light cloud cover in the sky, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +4...+5 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Light cloud cover in the sky, no precipitation
southeast
Wind: light breeze, southeast, speed 11 km/h
Wind gusts: 18 km/h
Relative humidity: 93-96%
Cloudiness: 57%
Atmospheric pressure: 997-999 hPa
Visibility: 100%

in the morningfrom 06:01 to 12:00Cloudy sky, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +3...+6 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Cloudy sky, no precipitation
southeast
Wind: light breeze, southeast, speed 11 km/h
Wind gusts: 22 km/h
Relative humidity: 90-99%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 997 hPa
Visibility: 100%

by dayfrom 12:01 to 18:00Sometimes short-term rains
Air temperature:
 +8...+10 °CThe temperature will rise
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Sometimes short-term rains
southeast
Wind: gentle breeze, southeast, speed 11-14 km/h
Wind gusts: 22 km/h
Relative humidity: 85-93%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 993-996 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 0,7 mm
Visibility: 100%

in the eveningfrom 18:01 to 00:00Sometimes short-term rains
Air temperature:
 +4...+8 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Sometimes short-term rains
western
Wind: moderate breeze, western, speed 14-25 km/h
Wind gusts: 50 km/h
Relative humidity: 79-88%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 995-1000 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 0,5 mm
Visibility: 100%

Saturday, January 11, 2025
The Sun:  Sunrise 07:58, Sunset 16:42.
The Moon:  Moonrise 13:42, Moonset 06:03, Moon phase: waxing gibbous waxing gibbous
 Geomagnetic Field: Unstable

at nightfrom 00:01 to 06:00Sometimes short-term rains
Air temperature:
 +2...+4 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Sometimes short-term rains
northwest
Wind: moderate breeze, northwest, speed 22-25 km/h
Wind gusts: 43 km/h
Relative humidity: 82-88%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 1001-1003 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 0,7 mm
Visibility: 9-72%

in the morningfrom 06:01 to 12:00Clear skies, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +1...+2 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Clear skies, no precipitation
southwest
Wind: moderate breeze, southwest, speed 25 km/h
Wind gusts: 47 km/h
Relative humidity: 72-82%
Cloudiness: 63%
Atmospheric pressure: 1004-1007 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 0,4 mm
Visibility: 2-34%

by dayfrom 12:01 to 18:00Clear skies, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +3...+4 °CThe temperature will rise
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Clear skies, no precipitation
southeast
Wind: moderate breeze, southeast, speed 22-25 km/h
Wind gusts: 40 km/h
Relative humidity: 62-77%
Cloudiness: 69%
Atmospheric pressure: 1005-1007 hPa
Visibility: 26-100%

in the eveningfrom 18:01 to 00:00Variably cloudy
Air temperature:
 0...+2 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Variably cloudy
southeast
Wind: moderate breeze, southeast, speed 18-22 km/h
Wind gusts: 40 km/h
Relative humidity: 79-87%
Cloudiness: 69%
Atmospheric pressure: 1005-1007 hPa
Visibility: 98-100%

Sunday, January 12, 2025
The Sun:  Sunrise 07:57, Sunset 16:44.
The Moon:  Moonrise 14:40, Moonset 07:11, Moon phase: waxing gibbous waxing gibbous
 Geomagnetic Field: Unstable

at nightfrom 00:01 to 06:00Snow and rain expected
Air temperature:
 -1...0 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Snow and rain expected
southern
Wind: gentle breeze, southern, speed 18 km/h
Wind gusts: 36 km/h
Relative humidity: 88-90%
Cloudiness: 91%
Atmospheric pressure: 1007 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 0,3 mm
Visibility: 100%

in the morningfrom 06:01 to 12:00Snow expected
Air temperature:
 -2...0 °CThe temperature will not change
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Snow expected
southeast
Wind: moderate breeze, southeast, speed 18-22 km/h
Wind gusts: 36 km/h
Relative humidity: 86-91%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 1007-1009 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 0,4 mm
Visibility: 3-100%

by dayfrom 12:01 to 18:00Sometimes short-term rains
Air temperature:
 0...+1 °CThe temperature will rise
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Sometimes short-term rains
northern
Wind: moderate breeze, northern, speed 22 km/h
Wind gusts: 32 km/h
Relative humidity: 79-85%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 1008-1009 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 0,2 mm
Visibility: 100%

in the eveningfrom 18:01 to 00:00Light snow expected
Air temperature:
 -1...+1 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Light snow expected
northern
Wind: moderate breeze, northern, speed 18-22 km/h
Wind gusts: 36 km/h
Relative humidity: 87-94%
Cloudiness: 99%
Atmospheric pressure: 1009-1012 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 0,5 mm
Visibility: 15-99%

Monday, January 13, 2025
The Sun:  Sunrise 07:57, Sunset 16:45.
The Moon:  Moonrise 15:52, Moonset 08:04, Moon phase: waxing gibbous waxing gibbous
 Geomagnetic Field: Unstable

at nightfrom 00:01 to 06:00Snow expected
Air temperature:
 -1 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Snow expected
northern
Wind: moderate breeze, northern, speed 18-22 km/h
Wind gusts: 36 km/h
Relative humidity: 92-94%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 1012-1015 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 3,4 mm
Visibility: 2-11%

in the morningfrom 06:01 to 12:00Snow and rain expected
Air temperature:
 -1 °CThe temperature will not change
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Snow and rain expected
northwest
Wind: moderate breeze, northwest, speed 18-22 km/h
Wind gusts: 36 km/h
Relative humidity: 79-91%
Cloudiness: 99%
Atmospheric pressure: 1015-1017 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 0,6 mm
Visibility: 4-76%

by dayfrom 12:01 to 18:00Snow and rain expected
Air temperature:
 0...+1 °CThe temperature will rise
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Snow and rain expected
northwest
Wind: moderate breeze, northwest, speed 11-22 km/h
Wind gusts: 40 km/h
Relative humidity: 77-94%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 1017-1021 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 0,1 mm
Visibility: 84-100%

in the eveningfrom 18:01 to 00:00Snow and rain expected
Air temperature:
 0...+1 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Snow and rain expected
northwest
Wind: light breeze, northwest, speed 7-11 km/h
Wind gusts: 18 km/h
Relative humidity: 95-96%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 1021-1024 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 0,2 mm
Visibility: 98-99%

Tuesday, January 14, 2025
The Sun:  Sunrise 07:56, Sunset 16:46.
The Moon:  Moonrise 17:09, Moonset 08:43, Moon phase: full full
 Geomagnetic Field: Quiet

at nightfrom 00:01 to 06:00The sky is overcast, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +1 °CThe temperature will not change
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
The sky is overcast, no precipitation
northwest
Wind: light breeze, northwest, speed 4-7 km/h
Wind gusts: 14 km/h
Relative humidity: 96-99%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 1023-1024 hPa
Visibility: 12-86%

in the morningfrom 06:01 to 12:00The sky is overcast, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +1 °CThe temperature will not change
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
The sky is overcast, no precipitation
northeast
Wind: light breeze, northeast, speed 4-7 km/h
Wind gusts: 11 km/h
Relative humidity: 97-99%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 1023 hPa
Visibility: 2-45%

by dayfrom 12:01 to 18:00The sky is overcast, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +1...+2 °CThe temperature will rise
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
The sky is overcast, no precipitation
eastern
Wind: light air, eastern, speed 4 km/h
On land:
Direction of wind shown by smoke drift, but not by wind vanes.
At Sea:
There are very weak waves at sea. Ripples with the appearance of scales are formed, but without foam crests.

Wind gusts: 7 km/h
Relative humidity: 92-95%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 1021-1023 hPa
Visibility: 46-98%

in the eveningfrom 18:01 to 00:00Light cloud cover in the sky, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 -1...+1 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Light cloud cover in the sky, no precipitation
eastern
Wind: light air, eastern, speed 4 km/h
Wind gusts: 7 km/h
Relative humidity: 93-95%
Cloudiness: 93%
Atmospheric pressure: 1020-1021 hPa
Visibility: 2-98%

Wednesday, January 15, 2025
The Sun:  Sunrise 07:56, Sunset 16:48.
The Moon:  Moonrise 18:25, Moonset 09:12, Moon phase: waning gibbous waning gibbous
 Geomagnetic Field: Quiet

at nightfrom 00:01 to 06:00Cloudy sky, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 -1 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Cloudy sky, no precipitation
northeast
Wind: light air, northeast, speed 4 km/h
Relative humidity: 93-97%
Cloudiness: 89%
Atmospheric pressure: 1019-1020 hPa
Visibility: 97-100%

in the morningfrom 06:01 to 12:00Cloudy sky, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 -1...+1 °CThe temperature will rise
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Cloudy sky, no precipitation
northeast
Wind: light breeze, northeast, speed 4-7 km/h
Wind gusts: 11 km/h
Relative humidity: 71-91%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 1017-1019 hPa
Visibility: 99-100%

by dayfrom 12:01 to 18:00The sky is overcast, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 0...+2 °CThe temperature will rise
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
The sky is overcast, no precipitation
northeast
Wind: light breeze, northeast, speed 4-7 km/h
Wind gusts: 11 km/h
Relative humidity: 69-80%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 1016-1017 hPa
Visibility: 100%

in the eveningfrom 18:01 to 00:00Cloudy sky, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 0 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Cloudy sky, no precipitation
northern
Wind: light breeze, northern, speed 4-7 km/h
Wind gusts: 11 km/h
Relative humidity: 80-83%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 1016 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Thursday, January 16, 2025
The Sun:  Sunrise 07:55, Sunset 16:49.
The Moon:  Moonrise 19:40, Moonset 09:34, Moon phase: waning gibbous waning gibbous
 Geomagnetic Field: Active

at nightfrom 00:01 to 06:00Variably cloudy
Air temperature:
 -2...0 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Variably cloudy
northern
Wind: light breeze, northern, speed 7-11 km/h
Relative humidity: 85-89%
Cloudiness: 92%
Atmospheric pressure: 1016 hPa
Visibility: 100%

in the morningfrom 06:01 to 12:00Variably cloudy
Air temperature:
 -2...+1 °CThe temperature will rise
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Variably cloudy
northern
Wind: light breeze, northern, speed 11 km/h
Wind gusts: 14 km/h
Relative humidity: 74-89%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 1016-1017 hPa
Visibility: 100%

by dayfrom 12:01 to 18:00Light cloud cover in the sky, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 -1...+2 °CThe temperature will rise
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Light cloud cover in the sky, no precipitation
northern
Wind: gentle breeze, northern, speed 11-14 km/h
Wind gusts: 18 km/h
Relative humidity: 68-86%
Cloudiness: 58%
Atmospheric pressure: 1016-1017 hPa
Visibility: 100%

in the eveningfrom 18:01 to 00:00Clear skies, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 -2...-1 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Clear skies, no precipitation
northwest
Wind: light breeze, northwest, speed 11 km/h
Wind gusts: 18 km/h
Relative humidity: 87-88%
Cloudiness: 40%
Atmospheric pressure: 1016-1017 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Friday, January 17, 2025
The Sun:  Sunrise 07:54, Sunset 16:51.
The Moon:  Moonrise 20:50, Moonset 09:51, Moon phase: waning gibbous waning gibbous
 Geomagnetic Field: Active

at nightfrom 00:01 to 06:00Light cloud cover in the sky, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 -2 °CThe temperature will not change
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Light cloud cover in the sky, no precipitation
northwest
Wind: light breeze, northwest, speed 11 km/h
Wind gusts: 18 km/h
Relative humidity: 88-90%
Cloudiness: 54%
Atmospheric pressure: 1017 hPa
Visibility: 100%

in the morningfrom 06:01 to 12:00Variably cloudy
Air temperature:
 -2...+1 °CThe temperature will rise
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Variably cloudy
northwest
Wind: gentle breeze, northwest, speed 11-14 km/h
Wind gusts: 18 km/h
Relative humidity: 72-90%
Cloudiness: 69%
Atmospheric pressure: 1017 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Temperature trend on the chart

weather in nearby cities

temperature in LuncaHourly weather forecast in Luncaweather in Lunca todayweather in Lunca tomorrowweather in Lunca for 3 daysweather in Lunca for 5 daysweather in Lunca for a weeksunrise and sunset in Luncarising and setting of the Moon in Luncaexact time in Lunca

Additional data

Country:Romania
Telephone country code:+40
Location:BT
District:Comuna Lunca
The name of the city or village:Lunca
Time zone:Europe/Bucharest, GMT . winter time
Coordinates:Latitude: 47.6167; Longitude: 26.9833;
Aliases (In other languages):English: LuncaРусский: ЛункаУкраїнська: Лунка
The project was created and is maintained by FDSTAR company, 2025

Weather in Lunca

© MeteoCast.ua - weather forecast in your city and your country. All rights reserved, 2025
Privacy Policy
Options of weather forecast displaying
Display temperature:  
 
 
Show the pressure:  
 
 
Display wind speed: