Weather forecast and meteo conditions in Ukraine and the world

FinlandFinlandUusimaaKerava

Weather in Kerava

Current time in Kerava:

 
:
 
Local time.
Time zone: GMT
winter time
* weather indicated in local time
Wednesday, December 18, 2024
The Sun:  Sunrise 09:24, Sunset 15:09.
The Moon:  Moonrise 18:21, Moonset 12:17, Moon phase: waning gibbous waning gibbous
 Geomagnetic Field: Unstable
 UV index: 0,1 (Low)
Protection from UV radiation from the Sun is not necessary. A UV index reading of 0 to 2 means low danger from the sun's UV rays for the average person. Wear sunglasses on bright days. If you burn easily, cover up and use broad spectrum SPF 30+ sunscreen. Bright surfaces, such as sand, water, and snow, will increase UV exposure.

by dayfrom 13:00 to 18:00Light snow expected
Air temperature:
 -6...-2 °CThe temperature will rise
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Light snow expected
southern
Wind: light breeze, southern, speed 4-11 km/h
On land:
There is a light continuous stream of wind that is felt by the face; leaves rustle; ordinary vanes moved by wind.
At Sea:
Weak and short waves in the sea, still short, but more pronounced. Crests have a glassy appearance and do not break.

Wind gusts: 25 km/h
Relative humidity: 89-92%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 1000-1004 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 0,3 mm
Visibility: 73-100%

in the eveningfrom 18:01 to 00:00Snow expected
Air temperature:
 -1...0 °CThe temperature will rise
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Snow expected
southeast
Wind: moderate breeze, southeast, speed 14-25 km/h
On land:
The wind picks up dust and small pieces of paper; small branches are moved.
At Sea:
The sea is moderately rough. Waves appear in the form of elongated ridges, some of which are overturned; fairly frequent white horses.

Wind gusts: 47 km/h
Relative humidity: 93-97%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 992-999 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 2 mm
Visibility: 2-100%

Thursday, December 19, 2024
The Sun:  Sunrise 09:25, Sunset 15:09.
The Moon:  Moonrise 20:02, Moonset 12:18, Moon phase: waning gibbous waning gibbous
 Geomagnetic Field: Unstable
 UV index: 0,1 (Low)

at nightfrom 00:01 to 06:00Snow expected
Air temperature:
 0...+1 °CThe temperature will rise
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Snow expected
southeast
Wind: moderate breeze, southeast, speed 22-25 km/h
Wind gusts: 54 km/h
Relative humidity: 96-97%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 981-989 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 8,5 mm
Visibility: 2%

in the morningfrom 06:01 to 12:00Snow and rain expected
Air temperature:
 +1...+4 °CThe temperature will rise
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Snow and rain expected
southern
Wind: moderate breeze, southern, speed 14-22 km/h
Wind gusts: 43 km/h
Relative humidity: 98-100%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 977-980 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 3,1 mm
Visibility: 2-7%

by dayfrom 12:01 to 18:00Sometimes short-term rains
Air temperature:
 +4 °CThe temperature will rise
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Sometimes short-term rains
southwest
Wind: gentle breeze, southwest, speed 14-18 km/h
On land:
The thin branches and leaves on the trees fluctuate continuously; wind extends light flag.
At Sea:
Light and short waves are clearly visible at sea. Foam of glassy appearance. Perhaps scattered white horses.

Wind gusts: 47 km/h
Relative humidity: 94-98%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 976-977 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 0,2 mm
Visibility: 15-100%

in the eveningfrom 18:01 to 00:00Sometimes short-term rains
Air temperature:
 +3...+4 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Sometimes short-term rains
southern
Wind: gentle breeze, southern, speed 7-18 km/h
Wind gusts: 47 km/h
Relative humidity: 96-100%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 973-976 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 1,4 mm
Visibility: 2-100%

Friday, December 20, 2024
The Sun:  Sunrise 09:25, Sunset 15:10.
The Moon:  Moonrise 21:34, Moonset 12:17, Moon phase: waning gibbous waning gibbous
 Geomagnetic Field: Quiet
 UV index: 0,1 (Low)

at nightfrom 00:01 to 06:00Sometimes short-term rains
Air temperature:
 +2...+3 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Sometimes short-term rains
western
Wind: gentle breeze, western, speed 7-18 km/h
Wind gusts: 40 km/h
Relative humidity: 94-100%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 973-975 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 2,2 mm
Visibility: 2-100%

in the morningfrom 06:01 to 12:00Sometimes short-term rains
Air temperature:
 +2 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Sometimes short-term rains
southwest
Wind: gentle breeze, southwest, speed 14-18 km/h
Wind gusts: 43 km/h
Relative humidity: 91-95%
Cloudiness: 99%
Atmospheric pressure: 976 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 0,5 mm
Visibility: 26-100%

by dayfrom 12:01 to 18:00Light snow expected
Air temperature:
 -2...+2 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Light snow expected
western
Wind: moderate breeze, western, speed 18-22 km/h
Wind gusts: 43 km/h
Relative humidity: 76-96%
Cloudiness: 98%
Atmospheric pressure: 976-981 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 0,7 mm
Visibility: 2-100%

in the eveningfrom 18:01 to 00:00Light snow expected
Air temperature:
 -4...-2 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Light snow expected
western
Wind: gentle breeze, western, speed 14-18 km/h
Wind gusts: 43 km/h
Relative humidity: 81-82%
Cloudiness: 96%
Atmospheric pressure: 983-987 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 0,2 mm
Visibility: 63-100%

Saturday, December 21, 2024
The Sun:  Sunrise 09:26, Sunset 15:10.
The Moon:  Moonrise 23:00, Moonset 12:15, Moon phase: waning gibbous waning gibbous
 Geomagnetic Field: Quiet
 UV index: 0,1 (Low)

at nightfrom 00:01 to 06:00Light snow expected
Air temperature:
 -4...-3 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Light snow expected
western
Wind: moderate breeze, western, speed 14-22 km/h
Wind gusts: 43 km/h
Relative humidity: 78-80%
Cloudiness: 95%
Atmospheric pressure: 987-989 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 0,1 mm
Visibility: 30-100%

in the morningfrom 06:01 to 12:00Cloudy sky, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 -3...-2 °CThe temperature will rise
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Cloudy sky, no precipitation
southwest
Wind: moderate breeze, southwest, speed 14-22 km/h
Wind gusts: 50 km/h
Relative humidity: 81-87%
Cloudiness: 67%
Atmospheric pressure: 989-991 hPa
Visibility: 100%

by dayfrom 12:01 to 18:00Sometimes short-term rains
Air temperature:
 -1...0 °CThe temperature will rise
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Sometimes short-term rains
northern
Wind: moderate breeze, northern, speed 18-22 km/h
Wind gusts: 50 km/h
Relative humidity: 81-90%
Cloudiness: 92%
Atmospheric pressure: 989-991 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 0,4 mm
Visibility: 2-40%

in the eveningfrom 18:01 to 00:00Light snow expected
Air temperature:
 0 °CThe temperature will rise
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Light snow expected
eastern
Wind: gentle breeze, eastern, speed 18 km/h
Wind gusts: 47 km/h
Relative humidity: 91-93%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 989 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 1 mm
Visibility: 2-100%

Sunday, December 22, 2024
The Sun:  Sunrise 09:27, Sunset 15:11.
The Moon:  Moonrise --:--, Moonset 12:13, Moon phase: waning gibbous waning gibbous
 Geomagnetic Field: Quiet

at nightfrom 00:01 to 06:00Light snow expected
Air temperature:
 0...+2 °CThe temperature will rise
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Light snow expected
southeast
Wind: moderate breeze, southeast, speed 18-22 km/h
Wind gusts: 50 km/h
Relative humidity: 93-97%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 987-989 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 1,8 mm
Visibility: 21-100%

in the morningfrom 06:01 to 12:00Sometimes short-term rains
Air temperature:
 +2...+3 °CThe temperature will rise
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Sometimes short-term rains
southern
Wind: fresh breeze, southern, speed 25-32 km/h
On land:
Thin branches and tree trunks sway, and the wind is felt by the hand.
At Sea:
The sea is rough, not very large waves are well developed in length; many white horses are formed.

Wind gusts: 61 km/h
Relative humidity: 95-97%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 985-987 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 2,1 mm
Visibility: 2-22%

by dayfrom 12:01 to 18:00Snow and rain expected
Air temperature:
 +2...+3 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Snow and rain expected
southern
Wind: fresh breeze, southern, speed 25-32 km/h
Wind gusts: 65 km/h
Relative humidity: 95-98%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 984-985 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 4,3 mm
Visibility: 2-6%

in the eveningfrom 18:01 to 00:00Rain expected
Air temperature:
 +2 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Rain expected
southern
Wind: moderate breeze, southern, speed 14-22 km/h
Wind gusts: 47 km/h
Relative humidity: 96-98%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 985-988 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 2,4 mm
Visibility: 2-100%

Monday, December 23, 2024
The Sun:  Sunrise 09:27, Sunset 15:11.
The Moon:  Moonrise 00:23, Moonset 12:11, Moon phase: in its last quarter in its last quarter
 Geomagnetic Field: Quiet

at nightfrom 00:01 to 06:00Snow and rain expected
Air temperature:
 +1...+2 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Snow and rain expected
southeast
Wind: gentle breeze, southeast, speed 14-18 km/h
Wind gusts: 36 km/h
Relative humidity: 98%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 988-989 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 2,3 mm
Visibility: 2-100%

in the morningfrom 06:01 to 12:00Snow and rain expected
Air temperature:
 +1...+2 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Snow and rain expected
southeast
Wind: gentle breeze, southeast, speed 18 km/h
Wind gusts: 40 km/h
Relative humidity: 97-99%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 989-997 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 2,3 mm
Visibility: 2-70%

by dayfrom 12:01 to 18:00Snow and rain expected
Air temperature:
 +2 °CThe temperature will not change
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Snow and rain expected
eastern
Wind: gentle breeze, eastern, speed 14-18 km/h
Wind gusts: 32 km/h
Relative humidity: 99%
Cloudiness: 99%
Atmospheric pressure: 997-1001 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 0,8 mm
Visibility: 80-100%

in the eveningfrom 18:01 to 00:00Snow and rain expected
Air temperature:
 +1 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Snow and rain expected
northern
Wind: gentle breeze, northern, speed 11-18 km/h
Wind gusts: 40 km/h
Relative humidity: 98-99%
Cloudiness: 98%
Atmospheric pressure: 1003-1007 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 0,4 mm
Visibility: 99-100%

Tuesday, December 24, 2024
The Sun:  Sunrise 09:27, Sunset 15:12.
The Moon:  Moonrise 01:45, Moonset 12:09, Moon phase: in its last quarter in its last quarter
 Geomagnetic Field: Quiet

at nightfrom 00:01 to 06:00Snow and rain expected
Air temperature:
 0...+1 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Snow and rain expected
northern
Wind: gentle breeze, northern, speed 14-18 km/h
Wind gusts: 40 km/h
Relative humidity: 96-98%
Cloudiness: 97%
Atmospheric pressure: 1007-1011 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 0,1 mm
Visibility: 53-100%

in the morningfrom 06:01 to 12:00The sky is overcast, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 0...+1 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
The sky is overcast, no precipitation
northern
Wind: gentle breeze, northern, speed 7-11 km/h
Wind gusts: 29 km/h
Relative humidity: 96-97%
Cloudiness: 97%
Atmospheric pressure: 1012-1015 hPa
Visibility: 9-100%

by dayfrom 12:01 to 18:00Snow and rain expected
Air temperature:
 0 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Snow and rain expected
northwest
Wind: light breeze, northwest, speed 7 km/h
Wind gusts: 25 km/h
Relative humidity: 96-97%
Cloudiness: 97%
Atmospheric pressure: 1015-1019 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 0,6 mm
Visibility: 100%

in the eveningfrom 18:01 to 00:00Light snow expected
Air temperature:
 -1...0 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Light snow expected
southwest
Wind: light breeze, southwest, speed 7 km/h
Wind gusts: 22 km/h
Relative humidity: 96-98%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 1019 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 1,3 mm
Visibility: 100%

Wednesday, December 25, 2024
The Sun:  Sunrise 09:27, Sunset 15:13.
The Moon:  Moonrise 03:10, Moonset 12:07, Moon phase: in its last quarter in its last quarter
 Geomagnetic Field: Quiet

at nightfrom 00:01 to 06:00Sometimes short-term rains
Air temperature:
 -1...+2 °CThe temperature will rise
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Sometimes short-term rains
southern
Wind: gentle breeze, southern, speed 7-18 km/h
Wind gusts: 40 km/h
Relative humidity: 95-97%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 1016-1019 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 0,6 mm
Visibility: 2-100%

in the morningfrom 06:01 to 12:00Sometimes short-term rains
Air temperature:
 +2...+3 °CThe temperature will rise
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Sometimes short-term rains
southwest
Wind: moderate breeze, southwest, speed 18-22 km/h
Wind gusts: 47 km/h
Relative humidity: 92-96%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 1013-1015 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 1,7 mm
Visibility: 2-98%

by dayfrom 12:01 to 18:00Sometimes short-term rains
Air temperature:
 +1...+2 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Sometimes short-term rains
southern
Wind: gentle breeze, southern, speed 4-18 km/h
Wind gusts: 40 km/h
Relative humidity: 93-98%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 1004-1013 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 1,3 mm
Visibility: 49-100%

in the eveningfrom 18:01 to 00:00Sometimes short-term rains
Air temperature:
 +1...+2 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Sometimes short-term rains
northern
Wind: light breeze, northern, speed 4-11 km/h
Wind gusts: 29 km/h
Relative humidity: 97-99%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 1005-1009 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 1 mm
Visibility: 34-69%

Thursday, December 26, 2024
The Sun:  Sunrise 09:27, Sunset 15:14.
The Moon:  Moonrise 04:38, Moonset 12:06, Moon phase: waning crescent waning crescent
 Geomagnetic Field: Quiet

at nightfrom 00:01 to 06:00Light cloud cover in the sky, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +1...+2 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Light cloud cover in the sky, no precipitation
northwest
Wind: gentle breeze, northwest, speed 14-18 km/h
Wind gusts: 47 km/h
Relative humidity: 86-94%
Cloudiness: 68%
Atmospheric pressure: 1011-1015 hPa
Visibility: 79-100%

in the morningfrom 06:01 to 12:00Light cloud cover in the sky, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 -1...+1 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Light cloud cover in the sky, no precipitation
northwest
Wind: gentle breeze, northwest, speed 11-14 km/h
Wind gusts: 43 km/h
Relative humidity: 85-90%
Cloudiness: 15%
Atmospheric pressure: 1015-1020 hPa
Visibility: 100%

by dayfrom 12:01 to 18:00The sky is overcast, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 -1...0 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
The sky is overcast, no precipitation
western
Wind: gentle breeze, western, speed 7-11 km/h
Wind gusts: 29 km/h
Relative humidity: 88-90%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 1020-1023 hPa
Visibility: 100%

in the eveningfrom 18:01 to 00:00Snow and rain expected
Air temperature:
 0...+1 °CThe temperature will rise
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Snow and rain expected
western
Wind: light breeze, western, speed 7 km/h
Wind gusts: 22 km/h
Relative humidity: 87-88%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 1021-1023 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 0,1 mm
Visibility: 100%

Friday, December 27, 2024
The Sun:  Sunrise 09:27, Sunset 15:15.
The Moon:  Moonrise 06:12, Moonset 12:06, Moon phase: waning crescent waning crescent
 Geomagnetic Field: Quiet

at nightfrom 00:01 to 06:00The sky is overcast, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +1...+3 °CThe temperature will rise
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
The sky is overcast, no precipitation
southwest
Wind: light breeze, southwest, speed 7-11 km/h
Wind gusts: 47 km/h
Relative humidity: 88-95%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 1019-1021 hPa
Visibility: 100%

in the morningfrom 06:01 to 12:00Variably cloudy
Air temperature:
 +3 °CThe temperature will rise
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Variably cloudy
southwest
Wind: moderate breeze, southwest, speed 14-22 km/h
Wind gusts: 54 km/h
Relative humidity: 90-94%
Cloudiness: 92%
Atmospheric pressure: 1016-1019 hPa
Visibility: 100%

by dayfrom 12:01 to 18:00Clear skies, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +3 °CThe temperature will not change
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Clear skies, no precipitation
western
Wind: moderate breeze, western, speed 18-22 km/h
Wind gusts: 54 km/h
Relative humidity: 76-93%
Cloudiness: 25%
Atmospheric pressure: 1015-1016 hPa
Visibility: 100%

in the eveningfrom 18:01 to 00:00Light cloud cover in the sky, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 0...+3 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Light cloud cover in the sky, no precipitation
northwest
Wind: gentle breeze, northwest, speed 18 km/h
Wind gusts: 54 km/h
Relative humidity: 77-80%
Cloudiness: 33%
Atmospheric pressure: 1015-1017 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Saturday, December 28, 2024
The Sun:  Sunrise 09:27, Sunset 15:16.
The Moon:  Moonrise 07:53, Moonset 12:09, Moon phase: waning crescent waning crescent
 Geomagnetic Field: Quiet

at nightfrom 00:01 to 06:00Clear skies, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 0...+1 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Clear skies, no precipitation
northwest
Wind: gentle breeze, northwest, speed 14-18 km/h
Wind gusts: 50 km/h
Relative humidity: 80-85%
Cloudiness: 6%
Atmospheric pressure: 1017-1020 hPa
Visibility: 100%

in the morningfrom 06:01 to 12:00Clear skies, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +1 °CThe temperature will not change
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Clear skies, no precipitation
northwest
Wind: gentle breeze, northwest, speed 18 km/h
Wind gusts: 50 km/h
Relative humidity: 81-83%
Cloudiness: 41%
Atmospheric pressure: 1020 hPa
Visibility: 100%

by dayfrom 12:01 to 18:00Clear skies, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +1...+2 °CThe temperature will rise
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Clear skies, no precipitation
northwest
Wind: moderate breeze, northwest, speed 18-22 km/h
Wind gusts: 54 km/h
Relative humidity: 80-82%
Cloudiness: 30%
Atmospheric pressure: 1017-1020 hPa
Visibility: 100%

in the eveningfrom 18:01 to 00:00Cloudy sky, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 -1...+2 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Cloudy sky, no precipitation
northwest
Wind: moderate breeze, northwest, speed 7-22 km/h
Wind gusts: 50 km/h
Relative humidity: 81-93%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 1017 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Sunday, December 29, 2024
The Sun:  Sunrise 09:27, Sunset 15:17.
The Moon:  Moonrise 09:32, Moonset 12:21, Moon phase: waning crescent waning crescent
 Geomagnetic Field: Quiet

at nightfrom 00:01 to 06:00The sky is overcast, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 -2...-1 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
The sky is overcast, no precipitation
western
Wind: light breeze, western, speed 7-11 km/h
Wind gusts: 29 km/h
Relative humidity: 94-96%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 1015-1017 hPa
Visibility: 100%

in the morningfrom 06:01 to 12:00Variably cloudy
Air temperature:
 0...+2 °CThe temperature will rise
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Variably cloudy
southwest
Wind: gentle breeze, southwest, speed 11-14 km/h
Wind gusts: 54 km/h
Relative humidity: 87-92%
Cloudiness: 93%
Atmospheric pressure: 1008-1013 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Temperature trend on the chart

Additional data

Country:Finland
Telephone country code:+358
Location:Uusimaa
The name of the city or village:Kerava
Time zone:Europe/Helsinki, GMT . winter time
Coordinates:Latitude: 60.4034; Longitude: 25.105;
Aliases (In other languages):English: KeravaРусский: КераваУкраїнська: Керава
 
FIKER, kai la wa, kelaba, keravu~a, krawa, kyrafa, kyrawa, کروا, ケラバ, 凯拉瓦
The project was created and is maintained by FDSTAR company, 2024

Weather in Kerava

© MeteoCast.ua - weather forecast in your city and your country. All rights reserved, 2024
Privacy Policy

Options of weather forecast displaying
Display temperature:  
 
 
Show the pressure:  
 
 
Display wind speed: