Weather forecast and meteo conditions in Ukraine and the world

EgyptEgyptGiza GovernorateAl Ḩawāmidīyah

Weather in Al Ḩawāmidīyah

Current time in Al Ḩawāmidīyah:

 
:
 
Local time.
Time zone: GMT
winter time
* weather indicated in local time
Thursday, December 26, 2024
The Sun:  Sunrise 06:49, Sunset 17:03.
The Moon:  Moonrise 02:35, Moonset 13:27, Moon phase: waning crescent waning crescent
 Geomagnetic Field: Unstable

in the eveningfrom 22:00 to 00:00Clear skies, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +12...+16 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Clear skies, no precipitation
southern
Wind: gentle breeze, southern, speed 14 km/h
On land:
The thin branches and leaves on the trees fluctuate continuously; wind extends light flag.
At Sea:
Light and short waves are clearly visible at sea. Foam of glassy appearance. Perhaps scattered white horses.

Wind gusts: 29 km/h
Relative humidity: 35-47%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 1012-1013 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Friday, December 27, 2024
The Sun:  Sunrise 06:49, Sunset 17:03.
The Moon:  Moonrise 03:33, Moonset 14:02, Moon phase: waning crescent waning crescent
 Geomagnetic Field: Active
 UV index: 3 (Moderate)
Protection from UV radiation from the Sun is necessary. A UV index reading of 3 to 5 means moderate risk of harm from unprotected sun exposure. Stay in shade near midday when the sun is strongest. If outdoors, wear sun protective clothing, a wide-brimmed hat, and UV-blocking sunglasses. Generously apply broad spectrum SPF 30+ sunscreen every 2 hours, even on cloudy days, and after swimming or sweating. Bright surfaces, such as sand, water, and snow, will increase UV exposure.

at nightfrom 00:01 to 06:00Clear skies, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +9...+11 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Clear skies, no precipitation
southern
Wind: gentle breeze, southern, speed 14 km/h
Wind gusts: 29 km/h
Relative humidity: 49-59%
Cloudiness: 47%
Atmospheric pressure: 1013-1015 hPa
Visibility: 100%

in the morningfrom 06:01 to 12:00Clear skies, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +9...+14 °CThe temperature will rise
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Clear skies, no precipitation
southern
Wind: fresh breeze, southern, speed 14-29 km/h
On land:
Thin branches and tree trunks sway, and the wind is felt by the hand.
At Sea:
The sea is rough, not very large waves are well developed in length; many white horses are formed.

Wind gusts: 40 km/h
Relative humidity: 38-60%
Cloudiness: 0%
Atmospheric pressure: 1015-1016 hPa
Visibility: 100%

by dayfrom 12:01 to 18:00Clear skies, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +15...+16 °CThe temperature will rise
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Clear skies, no precipitation
southwest
Wind: fresh breeze, southwest, speed 18-29 km/h
Wind gusts: 43 km/h
Relative humidity: 37-42%
Cloudiness: 9%
Atmospheric pressure: 1013-1015 hPa
Visibility: 100%

in the eveningfrom 18:01 to 00:00Clear skies, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +12...+15 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Clear skies, no precipitation
southwest
Wind: gentle breeze, southwest, speed 14 km/h
Wind gusts: 29 km/h
Relative humidity: 47-64%
Cloudiness: 0%
Atmospheric pressure: 1015-1017 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Saturday, December 28, 2024
The Sun:  Sunrise 06:49, Sunset 17:04.
The Moon:  Moonrise 04:32, Moonset 14:43, Moon phase: waning crescent waning crescent
 Geomagnetic Field: Unstable
 UV index: 3,4 (Moderate)

at nightfrom 00:01 to 06:00Clear skies, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +9...+11 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Clear skies, no precipitation
southern
Wind: gentle breeze, southern, speed 11-18 km/h
Wind gusts: 25 km/h
Relative humidity: 67-72%
Cloudiness: 58%
Atmospheric pressure: 1016-1017 hPa
Visibility: 100%

in the morningfrom 06:01 to 12:00Cloudy sky, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +10...+15 °CThe temperature will rise
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Cloudy sky, no precipitation
southern
Wind: moderate breeze, southern, speed 18-25 km/h
On land:
The wind picks up dust and small pieces of paper; small branches are moved.
At Sea:
The sea is moderately rough. Waves appear in the form of elongated ridges, some of which are overturned; fairly frequent white horses.

Wind gusts: 36 km/h
Relative humidity: 52-69%
Cloudiness: 65%
Atmospheric pressure: 1017-1019 hPa
Visibility: 100%

by dayfrom 12:01 to 18:00Cloudy sky, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +16...+19 °CThe temperature will rise
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Cloudy sky, no precipitation
southwest
Wind: moderate breeze, southwest, speed 14-25 km/h
Wind gusts: 40 km/h
Relative humidity: 45-52%
Cloudiness: 64%
Atmospheric pressure: 1016-1017 hPa
Visibility: 100%

in the eveningfrom 18:01 to 00:00Cloudy sky, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +14...+17 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Cloudy sky, no precipitation
southern
Wind: gentle breeze, southern, speed 7-14 km/h
Wind gusts: 22 km/h
Relative humidity: 56-68%
Cloudiness: 74%
Atmospheric pressure: 1017-1019 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Sunday, December 29, 2024
The Sun:  Sunrise 06:50, Sunset 17:05.
The Moon:  Moonrise 05:33, Moonset 15:32, Moon phase: waning crescent waning crescent
 Geomagnetic Field: Quiet
 UV index: 3,5 (Moderate)

at nightfrom 00:01 to 06:00Light cloud cover in the sky, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +11...+13 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Light cloud cover in the sky, no precipitation
southern
Wind: light breeze, southern, speed 7-11 km/h
On land:
There is a light continuous stream of wind that is felt by the face; leaves rustle; ordinary vanes moved by wind.
At Sea:
Weak and short waves in the sea, still short, but more pronounced. Crests have a glassy appearance and do not break.

Wind gusts: 14 km/h
Relative humidity: 70-79%
Cloudiness: 53%
Atmospheric pressure: 1019 hPa
Visibility: 100%

in the morningfrom 06:01 to 12:00Light cloud cover in the sky, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +11...+16 °CThe temperature will rise
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Light cloud cover in the sky, no precipitation
southern
Wind: gentle breeze, southern, speed 11-14 km/h
Wind gusts: 25 km/h
Relative humidity: 60-83%
Cloudiness: 50%
Atmospheric pressure: 1020-1021 hPa
Visibility: 100%

by dayfrom 12:01 to 18:00Cloudy sky, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +17...+19 °CThe temperature will rise
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Cloudy sky, no precipitation
western
Wind: moderate breeze, western, speed 14-22 km/h
Wind gusts: 32 km/h
Relative humidity: 44-55%
Cloudiness: 70%
Atmospheric pressure: 1019-1020 hPa
Visibility: 100%

in the eveningfrom 18:01 to 00:00Clear skies, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +13...+17 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Clear skies, no precipitation
western
Wind: gentle breeze, western, speed 7-18 km/h
Wind gusts: 29 km/h
Relative humidity: 55-69%
Cloudiness: 72%
Atmospheric pressure: 1020-1021 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Monday, December 30, 2024
The Sun:  Sunrise 06:50, Sunset 17:05.
The Moon:  Moonrise 06:31, Moonset 16:28, Moon phase: new new
 Geomagnetic Field: Quiet
 UV index: 3,2 (Moderate)

at nightfrom 00:01 to 06:00Variably cloudy
Air temperature:
 +11...+13 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Variably cloudy
southern
Wind: light breeze, southern, speed 7 km/h
Wind gusts: 14 km/h
Relative humidity: 71-82%
Cloudiness: 68%
Atmospheric pressure: 1021 hPa
Visibility: 100%

in the morningfrom 06:01 to 12:00Clear skies, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +11...+16 °CThe temperature will rise
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Clear skies, no precipitation
southwest
Wind: gentle breeze, southwest, speed 7-14 km/h
Wind gusts: 22 km/h
Relative humidity: 52-85%
Cloudiness: 45%
Atmospheric pressure: 1021-1023 hPa
Visibility: 100%

by dayfrom 12:01 to 18:00Light cloud cover in the sky, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +17...+18 °CThe temperature will rise
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Light cloud cover in the sky, no precipitation
western
Wind: moderate breeze, western, speed 18-25 km/h
Wind gusts: 32 km/h
Relative humidity: 46-50%
Cloudiness: 63%
Atmospheric pressure: 1020-1021 hPa
Visibility: 100%

in the eveningfrom 18:01 to 00:00Clear skies, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +14...+16 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Clear skies, no precipitation
northwest
Wind: gentle breeze, northwest, speed 18 km/h
Wind gusts: 32 km/h
Relative humidity: 54-80%
Cloudiness: 55%
Atmospheric pressure: 1021-1024 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Tuesday, December 31, 2024
The Sun:  Sunrise 06:50, Sunset 17:06.
The Moon:  Moonrise 07:27, Moonset 17:31, Moon phase: new new
 Geomagnetic Field: Quiet
 UV index: 3,2 (Moderate)

at nightfrom 00:01 to 06:00Light cloud cover in the sky, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +11...+13 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Light cloud cover in the sky, no precipitation
southwest
Wind: gentle breeze, southwest, speed 11-14 km/h
Wind gusts: 32 km/h
Relative humidity: 83-95%
Cloudiness: 71%
Atmospheric pressure: 1024 hPa
Visibility: 100%

in the morningfrom 06:01 to 12:00Cloudy sky, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +11...+16 °CThe temperature will rise
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Cloudy sky, no precipitation
southwest
Wind: gentle breeze, southwest, speed 7-18 km/h
Wind gusts: 25 km/h
Relative humidity: 68-94%
Cloudiness: 78%
Atmospheric pressure: 1024-1025 hPa
Visibility: 100%

by dayfrom 12:01 to 18:00Cloudy sky, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +17...+18 °CThe temperature will rise
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Cloudy sky, no precipitation
northwest
Wind: moderate breeze, northwest, speed 18-22 km/h
Wind gusts: 25 km/h
Relative humidity: 49-62%
Cloudiness: 74%
Atmospheric pressure: 1023-1024 hPa
Visibility: 100%

in the eveningfrom 18:01 to 00:00Variably cloudy
Air temperature:
 +14...+17 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Variably cloudy
northwest
Wind: gentle breeze, northwest, speed 14-18 km/h
Wind gusts: 25 km/h
Relative humidity: 58-76%
Cloudiness: 58%
Atmospheric pressure: 1024-1025 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Wednesday, January 1, 2025
The Sun:  Sunrise 06:51, Sunset 17:07.
The Moon:  Moonrise 08:15, Moonset 18:36, Moon phase: waxing crescent waxing crescent
 Geomagnetic Field: Quiet

at nightfrom 00:01 to 06:00Clear skies, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +11...+13 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Clear skies, no precipitation
northern
Wind: gentle breeze, northern, speed 7-11 km/h
Wind gusts: 18 km/h
Relative humidity: 80-92%
Cloudiness: 23%
Atmospheric pressure: 1025 hPa
Visibility: 100%

in the morningfrom 06:01 to 12:00Clear skies, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +11...+17 °CThe temperature will rise
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Clear skies, no precipitation
northern
Wind: gentle breeze, northern, speed 7-14 km/h
Wind gusts: 18 km/h
Relative humidity: 60-93%
Cloudiness: 0%
Atmospheric pressure: 1025-1027 hPa
Visibility: 100%

by dayfrom 12:01 to 18:00Light cloud cover in the sky, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +17...+19 °CThe temperature will rise
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Light cloud cover in the sky, no precipitation
northern
Wind: gentle breeze, northern, speed 14-18 km/h
Wind gusts: 22 km/h
Relative humidity: 41-54%
Cloudiness: 15%
Atmospheric pressure: 1024-1025 hPa
Visibility: 100%

in the eveningfrom 18:01 to 00:00Clear skies, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +13...+17 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Clear skies, no precipitation
northern
Wind: gentle breeze, northern, speed 14-18 km/h
Wind gusts: 29 km/h
Relative humidity: 50-73%
Cloudiness: 0%
Atmospheric pressure: 1024-1025 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Thursday, January 2, 2025
The Sun:  Sunrise 06:51, Sunset 17:08.
The Moon:  Moonrise 08:58, Moonset 19:43, Moon phase: waxing crescent waxing crescent
 Geomagnetic Field: Quiet

at nightfrom 00:01 to 06:00Clear skies, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +10...+13 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Clear skies, no precipitation
northern
Wind: gentle breeze, northern, speed 14 km/h
Wind gusts: 29 km/h
Relative humidity: 77-91%
Cloudiness: 0%
Atmospheric pressure: 1024-1025 hPa
Visibility: 100%

in the morningfrom 06:01 to 12:00Clear skies, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +10...+18 °CThe temperature will rise
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Clear skies, no precipitation
northern
Wind: moderate breeze, northern, speed 11-22 km/h
Wind gusts: 25 km/h
Relative humidity: 49-91%
Cloudiness: 46%
Atmospheric pressure: 1024-1025 hPa
Visibility: 100%

by dayfrom 12:01 to 18:00Clear skies, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +18...+20 °CThe temperature will rise
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Clear skies, no precipitation
northeast
Wind: gentle breeze, northeast, speed 14-18 km/h
Wind gusts: 29 km/h
Relative humidity: 32-43%
Cloudiness: 50%
Atmospheric pressure: 1023-1024 hPa
Visibility: 100%

in the eveningfrom 18:01 to 00:00Clear skies, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +14...+18 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Clear skies, no precipitation
northeast
Wind: gentle breeze, northeast, speed 11-18 km/h
Wind gusts: 32 km/h
Relative humidity: 42-58%
Cloudiness: 16%
Atmospheric pressure: 1023-1024 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Friday, January 3, 2025
The Sun:  Sunrise 06:51, Sunset 17:08.
The Moon:  Moonrise 09:36, Moonset 20:49, Moon phase: waxing crescent waxing crescent
 Geomagnetic Field: Quiet

at nightfrom 00:01 to 06:00Clear skies, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +12...+13 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Clear skies, no precipitation
northern
Wind: light breeze, northern, speed 4-11 km/h
Wind gusts: 18 km/h
Relative humidity: 38-64%
Cloudiness: 50%
Atmospheric pressure: 1020-1023 hPa
Visibility: 100%

in the morningfrom 06:01 to 12:00Cloudy sky, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +13...+18 °CThe temperature will rise
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Cloudy sky, no precipitation
northern
Wind: light air, northern, speed 4 km/h
On land:
Direction of wind shown by smoke drift, but not by wind vanes.
At Sea:
There are very weak waves at sea. Ripples with the appearance of scales are formed, but without foam crests.

Wind gusts: 7 km/h
Relative humidity: 24-36%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 1020-1021 hPa
Visibility: 100%

by dayfrom 12:01 to 18:00Cloudy sky, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +19...+21 °CThe temperature will rise
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Cloudy sky, no precipitation
northern
Wind: light breeze, northern, speed 4-7 km/h
Relative humidity: 19-22%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 1019-1020 hPa
Visibility: 100%

in the eveningfrom 18:01 to 00:00Cloudy sky, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +17...+19 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Cloudy sky, no precipitation
northeast
Wind: light breeze, northeast, speed 4-7 km/h
Relative humidity: 19-22%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 1019 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Saturday, January 4, 2025
The Sun:  Sunrise 06:51, Sunset 17:09.
The Moon:  Moonrise 10:09, Moonset 21:53, Moon phase: waxing crescent waxing crescent
 Geomagnetic Field: Quiet

at nightfrom 00:01 to 06:00Cloudy sky, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +16...+17 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Cloudy sky, no precipitation
northern
Wind: light breeze, northern, speed 7 km/h
Relative humidity: 23-25%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 1017-1019 hPa
Visibility: 100%

in the morningfrom 06:01 to 12:00Cloudy sky, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +16...+20 °CThe temperature will rise
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Cloudy sky, no precipitation
northern
Wind: light breeze, northern, speed 7 km/h
Relative humidity: 18-25%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 1017-1019 hPa
Visibility: 100%

by dayfrom 12:01 to 18:00Cloudy sky, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +21...+22 °CThe temperature will rise
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Cloudy sky, no precipitation
northern
Wind: light breeze, northern, speed 7-11 km/h
Wind gusts: 18 km/h
Relative humidity: 14-17%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 1016-1017 hPa
Visibility: 100%

in the eveningfrom 18:01 to 00:00Cloudy sky, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +18...+20 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Cloudy sky, no precipitation
northeast
Wind: light breeze, northeast, speed 11 km/h
Wind gusts: 18 km/h
Relative humidity: 17-18%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 1016-1017 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Sunday, January 5, 2025
The Sun:  Sunrise 06:51, Sunset 17:10.
The Moon:  Moonrise 10:40, Moonset 22:57, Moon phase: waxing crescent waxing crescent
 Geomagnetic Field: Active

at nightfrom 00:01 to 06:00Cloudy sky, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +17...+18 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Cloudy sky, no precipitation
northern
Wind: light breeze, northern, speed 7-11 km/h
Relative humidity: 18-19%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 1015-1016 hPa
Visibility: 100%

in the morningfrom 06:01 to 12:00Cloudy sky, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +17...+22 °CThe temperature will rise
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Cloudy sky, no precipitation
western
Wind: light breeze, western, speed 4-7 km/h
Relative humidity: 13-19%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 1015 hPa
Visibility: 100%

by dayfrom 12:01 to 18:00Cloudy sky, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +22...+24 °CThe temperature will rise
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Cloudy sky, no precipitation
northern
Wind: light air, northern, speed 4 km/h
Wind gusts: 7 km/h
Relative humidity: 11-13%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 1012-1015 hPa
Visibility: 100%

in the eveningfrom 18:01 to 00:00Cloudy sky, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +19...+21 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Cloudy sky, no precipitation
northeast
Wind: light air, northeast, speed 4 km/h
Wind gusts: 7 km/h
Relative humidity: 13%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 1012-1013 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Monday, January 6, 2025
The Sun:  Sunrise 06:52, Sunset 17:11.
The Moon:  Moonrise 11:11, Moonset --:--, Moon phase: waxing crescent waxing crescent
 Geomagnetic Field: Active

at nightfrom 00:01 to 06:00Cloudy sky, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +18...+19 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Cloudy sky, no precipitation
southeast
Wind: light air, southeast, speed 4 km/h
Relative humidity: 13-14%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 1011-1013 hPa
Visibility: 100%

in the morningfrom 06:01 to 12:00Cloudy sky, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +18...+22 °CThe temperature will rise
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Cloudy sky, no precipitation
southern
Wind: light breeze, southern, speed 4-7 km/h
Relative humidity: 12-14%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 1011-1012 hPa
Visibility: 100%

by dayfrom 12:01 to 18:00Cloudy sky, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +22...+24 °CThe temperature will rise
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Cloudy sky, no precipitation
western
Wind: light breeze, western, speed 7 km/h
Wind gusts: 11 km/h
Relative humidity: 11-14%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 1011-1012 hPa
Visibility: 100%

in the eveningfrom 18:01 to 00:00Variably cloudy
Air temperature:
 +16...+21 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Variably cloudy
northwest
Wind: light breeze, northwest, speed 7-11 km/h
Wind gusts: 18 km/h
Relative humidity: 19-67%
Cloudiness: 94%
Atmospheric pressure: 1011-1013 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Temperature trend on the chart

Additional data

Country:Egypt
Telephone country code:+20
Location:Giza Governorate
The name of the city or village:Al Ḩawāmidīyah
Time zone:Africa/Cairo, GMT . winter time
Coordinates:Latitude: 29.9; Longitude: 31.25;
Aliases (In other languages):English: Al ḨawāmidīyahРусский: Аль ХавамдеиахУкраїнська: Аль Хавамдеїах
 
Al Hawamidiyah, El-Hawamdiya, El-Ḥawâmdîya, El Hawamdeya, Hawamidyah
The project was created and is maintained by FDSTAR company, 2024

Weather in Al Ḩawāmidīyah

© MeteoCast.ua - weather forecast in your city and your country. All rights reserved, 2024
Privacy Policy

Options of weather forecast displaying
Display temperature:  
 
 
Show the pressure:  
 
 
Display wind speed: