Weather forecast and meteo conditions in Ukraine and the world

AlbaniaAlbaniaGjirokastraQestorat

Weather in Qestorat

Current time in Qestorat:

 
:
 
Local time.
Time zone: GMT
winter time
* weather indicated in local time
Sunday, March 16, 2025
The Sun:  Sunrise 05:49, Sunset 17:47.
The Moon:  Moonrise 20:06, Moonset 06:34, Moon phase: waning gibbous waning gibbous
 Geomagnetic Field: Active
 UV index: 4,1 (Moderate)
Protection from UV radiation from the Sun is necessary. A UV index reading of 3 to 5 means moderate risk of harm from unprotected sun exposure. Stay in shade near midday when the sun is strongest. If outdoors, wear sun protective clothing, a wide-brimmed hat, and UV-blocking sunglasses. Generously apply broad spectrum SPF 30+ sunscreen every 2 hours, even on cloudy days, and after swimming or sweating. Bright surfaces, such as sand, water, and snow, will increase UV exposure.

at nightfrom 03:00 to 06:00The sky is overcast, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +13...+15 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
The sky is overcast, no precipitation
southern
Wind: gentle breeze, southern, speed 7-14 km/h
On land:
The thin branches and leaves on the trees fluctuate continuously; wind extends light flag.
At Sea:
Light and short waves are clearly visible at sea. Foam of glassy appearance. Perhaps scattered white horses.

Wind gusts: 54 km/h
Relative humidity: 54-80%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 948-949 hPa
Visibility: 98-100%

in the morningfrom 06:01 to 12:00Sometimes short-term rains
Air temperature:
 +13...+16 °CThe temperature will rise
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Sometimes short-term rains
southern
Wind: light breeze, southern, speed 4-11 km/h
On land:
There is a light continuous stream of wind that is felt by the face; leaves rustle; ordinary vanes moved by wind.
At Sea:
Weak and short waves in the sea, still short, but more pronounced. Crests have a glassy appearance and do not break.

Wind gusts: 47 km/h
Relative humidity: 75-84%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 949-951 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 1,8 mm
Visibility: 64-92%

by dayfrom 12:01 to 18:00Sometimes short-term rains
Air temperature:
 +14...+16 °CThe temperature will not change
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Sometimes short-term rains
southwest
Wind: light breeze, southwest, speed 7-11 km/h
Wind gusts: 54 km/h
Relative humidity: 56-77%
Cloudiness: 82%
Atmospheric pressure: 949-952 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 1,3 mm
Visibility: 70-97%

in the eveningfrom 18:01 to 00:00Cloudy sky, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +10...+13 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Cloudy sky, no precipitation
southwest
Wind: light breeze, southwest, speed 4-7 km/h
Wind gusts: 29 km/h
Relative humidity: 69-91%
Cloudiness: 92%
Atmospheric pressure: 949-951 hPa
Visibility: 99-100%

Monday, March 17, 2025
The Sun:  Sunrise 05:47, Sunset 17:48.
The Moon:  Moonrise 21:07, Moonset 06:55, Moon phase: waning gibbous waning gibbous
 Geomagnetic Field: Active
 UV index: 3,7 (Moderate)

at nightfrom 00:01 to 06:00Sometimes short-term rains
Air temperature:
 +7...+10 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Sometimes short-term rains
western
Wind: light breeze, western, speed 7-11 km/h
Wind gusts: 29 km/h
Relative humidity: 80-93%
Cloudiness: 84%
Atmospheric pressure: 949-951 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 0,5 mm
Visibility: 73-100%

in the morningfrom 06:01 to 12:00Light cloud cover in the sky, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +7...+11 °CThe temperature will not change
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Light cloud cover in the sky, no precipitation
western
Wind: light breeze, western, speed 11 km/h
Wind gusts: 40 km/h
Relative humidity: 50-88%
Cloudiness: 65%
Atmospheric pressure: 949-951 hPa
Visibility: 100%

by dayfrom 12:01 to 18:00Sometimes short-term rains
Air temperature:
 +9...+11 °CThe temperature will rise
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Sometimes short-term rains
northwest
Wind: gentle breeze, northwest, speed 14-18 km/h
Wind gusts: 54 km/h
Relative humidity: 43-76%
Cloudiness: 92%
Atmospheric pressure: 949 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 0,2 mm
Visibility: 43-96%

in the eveningfrom 18:01 to 00:00Clear skies, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +5...+8 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Clear skies, no precipitation
northern
Wind: gentle breeze, northern, speed 7-14 km/h
Wind gusts: 47 km/h
Relative humidity: 70-81%
Cloudiness: 68%
Atmospheric pressure: 951 hPa
Visibility: 99-100%

Tuesday, March 18, 2025
The Sun:  Sunrise 05:46, Sunset 17:49.
The Moon:  Moonrise 22:10, Moonset 07:18, Moon phase: waning gibbous waning gibbous
 Geomagnetic Field: Active
 UV index: 4,8 (Moderate)

at nightfrom 00:01 to 06:00Cloudy sky, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +4...+5 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Cloudy sky, no precipitation
northern
Wind: light air, northern, speed 4 km/h
On land:
Direction of wind shown by smoke drift, but not by wind vanes.
At Sea:
There are very weak waves at sea. Ripples with the appearance of scales are formed, but without foam crests.

Wind gusts: 32 km/h
Relative humidity: 80-81%
Cloudiness: 77%
Atmospheric pressure: 951 hPa
Visibility: 98-100%

in the morningfrom 06:01 to 12:00Variably cloudy
Air temperature:
 +4...+8 °CThe temperature will rise
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Variably cloudy
northern
Wind: gentle breeze, northern, speed 7-18 km/h
Wind gusts: 40 km/h
Relative humidity: 41-81%
Cloudiness: 77%
Atmospheric pressure: 951-953 hPa
Visibility: 66-100%

by dayfrom 12:01 to 18:00Variably cloudy
Air temperature:
 +7...+9 °CThe temperature will rise
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Variably cloudy
northern
Wind: gentle breeze, northern, speed 14-18 km/h
Wind gusts: 36 km/h
Relative humidity: 33-43%
Cloudiness: 84%
Atmospheric pressure: 953-955 hPa
Visibility: 72-100%

in the eveningfrom 18:01 to 00:00Clear skies, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +2...+6 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Clear skies, no precipitation
northeast
Wind: gentle breeze, northeast, speed 11-14 km/h
Wind gusts: 36 km/h
Relative humidity: 29-34%
Cloudiness: 14%
Atmospheric pressure: 956-960 hPa
Visibility: 91-100%

Wednesday, March 19, 2025
The Sun:  Sunrise 05:44, Sunset 17:50.
The Moon:  Moonrise 23:12, Moonset 07:46, Moon phase: waning gibbous waning gibbous
 Geomagnetic Field: Unstable
 UV index: 5 (Moderate)

at nightfrom 00:01 to 06:00Clear skies, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 0...+2 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Clear skies, no precipitation
northeast
Wind: light breeze, northeast, speed 11 km/h
Wind gusts: 25 km/h
Relative humidity: 36-42%
Cloudiness: 0%
Atmospheric pressure: 960-961 hPa
Visibility: 100%

in the morningfrom 06:01 to 12:00Clear skies, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 0...+7 °CThe temperature will rise
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Clear skies, no precipitation
northeast
Wind: light breeze, northeast, speed 4-11 km/h
Wind gusts: 22 km/h
Relative humidity: 28-45%
Cloudiness: 0%
Atmospheric pressure: 963-964 hPa
Visibility: 100%

by dayfrom 12:01 to 18:00Clear skies, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +8...+10 °CThe temperature will rise
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Clear skies, no precipitation
northwest
Wind: light breeze, northwest, speed 4-7 km/h
Wind gusts: 22 km/h
Relative humidity: 24-35%
Cloudiness: 0%
Atmospheric pressure: 963 hPa
Visibility: 100%

in the eveningfrom 18:01 to 00:00Clear skies, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +3...+6 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Clear skies, no precipitation
northern
Wind: light breeze, northern, speed 4-7 km/h
Wind gusts: 18 km/h
Relative humidity: 44-69%
Cloudiness: 0%
Atmospheric pressure: 964 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Thursday, March 20, 2025
The Sun:  Sunrise 05:42, Sunset 17:51.
The Moon:  Moonrise --:--, Moonset 08:19, Moon phase: waning gibbous waning gibbous
 Geomagnetic Field: Unstable
 UV index: 4,8 (Moderate)

at nightfrom 00:01 to 06:00Clear skies, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +2...+3 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Clear skies, no precipitation
northeast
Wind: light air, northeast, speed 4 km/h
Wind gusts: 14 km/h
Relative humidity: 69-72%
Cloudiness: 0%
Atmospheric pressure: 963-964 hPa
Visibility: 100%

in the morningfrom 06:01 to 12:00Clear skies, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +2...+10 °CThe temperature will rise
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Clear skies, no precipitation
northern
Wind: light breeze, northern, speed 4-7 km/h
Wind gusts: 18 km/h
Relative humidity: 36-68%
Cloudiness: 0%
Atmospheric pressure: 964 hPa
Visibility: 100%

by dayfrom 12:01 to 18:00Clear skies, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +10...+11 °CThe temperature will rise
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Clear skies, no precipitation
northwest
Wind: light breeze, northwest, speed 7 km/h
Wind gusts: 25 km/h
Relative humidity: 27-38%
Cloudiness: 0%
Atmospheric pressure: 963-964 hPa
Visibility: 100%

in the eveningfrom 18:01 to 00:00Clear skies, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +4...+8 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Clear skies, no precipitation
northern
Wind: light breeze, northern, speed 4-7 km/h
Wind gusts: 22 km/h
Relative humidity: 43-71%
Cloudiness: 0%
Atmospheric pressure: 963-964 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Friday, March 21, 2025
The Sun:  Sunrise 05:41, Sunset 17:52.
The Moon:  Moonrise 00:15, Moonset 09:00, Moon phase: waning gibbous waning gibbous
 Geomagnetic Field: Quiet

at nightfrom 00:01 to 06:00Clear skies, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +3...+4 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Clear skies, no precipitation
northeast
Wind: light air, northeast, speed 4 km/h
Wind gusts: 14 km/h
Relative humidity: 73-76%
Cloudiness: 9%
Atmospheric pressure: 963-964 hPa
Visibility: 100%

in the morningfrom 06:01 to 12:00Clear skies, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +3...+10 °CThe temperature will rise
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Clear skies, no precipitation
northwest
Wind: light air, northwest, speed 4 km/h
Wind gusts: 18 km/h
Relative humidity: 45-73%
Cloudiness: 34%
Atmospheric pressure: 964 hPa
Visibility: 100%

by dayfrom 12:01 to 18:00Variably cloudy
Air temperature:
 +11...+12 °CThe temperature will rise
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Variably cloudy
southwest
Wind: light breeze, southwest, speed 7-11 km/h
Wind gusts: 22 km/h
Relative humidity: 44-58%
Cloudiness: 72%
Atmospheric pressure: 961-963 hPa
Visibility: 100%

in the eveningfrom 18:01 to 00:00Cloudy sky, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +6...+10 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Cloudy sky, no precipitation
southern
Wind: light breeze, southern, speed 4-7 km/h
Wind gusts: 14 km/h
Relative humidity: 68-91%
Cloudiness: 98%
Atmospheric pressure: 961-963 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Saturday, March 22, 2025
The Sun:  Sunrise 05:39, Sunset 17:53.
The Moon:  Moonrise 01:14, Moonset 09:51, Moon phase: in its last quarter in its last quarter
 Geomagnetic Field: Quiet

at nightfrom 00:01 to 06:00Clear skies, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +6 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Clear skies, no precipitation
southeast
Wind: light breeze, southeast, speed 7 km/h
Wind gusts: 22 km/h
Relative humidity: 68-88%
Cloudiness: 84%
Atmospheric pressure: 960-961 hPa
Visibility: 100%

in the morningfrom 06:01 to 12:00Clear skies, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +6...+13 °CThe temperature will rise
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Clear skies, no precipitation
southeast
Wind: gentle breeze, southeast, speed 7-11 km/h
Wind gusts: 32 km/h
Relative humidity: 41-66%
Cloudiness: 65%
Atmospheric pressure: 960 hPa
Visibility: 100%

by dayfrom 12:01 to 18:00Cloudy sky, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +13...+14 °CThe temperature will rise
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Cloudy sky, no precipitation
southern
Wind: gentle breeze, southern, speed 11-14 km/h
Wind gusts: 36 km/h
Relative humidity: 40-58%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 959-960 hPa
Visibility: 100%

in the eveningfrom 18:01 to 00:00Light cloud cover in the sky, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +9...+12 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Light cloud cover in the sky, no precipitation
southern
Wind: light breeze, southern, speed 7 km/h
Wind gusts: 40 km/h
Relative humidity: 57-67%
Cloudiness: 61%
Atmospheric pressure: 959-960 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Sunday, March 23, 2025
The Sun:  Sunrise 05:37, Sunset 17:54.
The Moon:  Moonrise 02:07, Moonset 10:51, Moon phase: in its last quarter in its last quarter
 Geomagnetic Field: Quiet

at nightfrom 00:01 to 06:00Cloudy sky, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +8...+9 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Cloudy sky, no precipitation
southeast
Wind: light breeze, southeast, speed 7-11 km/h
Wind gusts: 43 km/h
Relative humidity: 53-66%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 952-957 hPa
Visibility: 100%

in the morningfrom 06:01 to 12:00Cloudy sky, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +9...+17 °CThe temperature will rise
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Cloudy sky, no precipitation
southeast
Wind: light breeze, southeast, speed 7 km/h
Wind gusts: 11 km/h
Relative humidity: 41-63%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 952-953 hPa
Visibility: 100%

by dayfrom 12:01 to 18:00Cloudy sky, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +16...+19 °CThe temperature will rise
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Cloudy sky, no precipitation
southern
Wind: light breeze, southern, speed 7 km/h
Wind gusts: 11 km/h
Relative humidity: 38-52%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 952-953 hPa
Visibility: 100%

in the eveningfrom 18:01 to 00:00Cloudy sky, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +11...+14 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Cloudy sky, no precipitation
southern
Wind: light breeze, southern, speed 4-7 km/h
Relative humidity: 59-66%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 953 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Monday, March 24, 2025
The Sun:  Sunrise 05:36, Sunset 17:55.
The Moon:  Moonrise 02:52, Moonset 11:59, Moon phase: in its last quarter in its last quarter
 Geomagnetic Field: Quiet

at nightfrom 00:01 to 06:00Cloudy sky, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +11...+12 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Cloudy sky, no precipitation
southeast
Wind: light breeze, southeast, speed 7-11 km/h
Relative humidity: 63-69%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 953 hPa
Visibility: 100%

in the morningfrom 06:01 to 12:00Cloudy sky, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +12...+19 °CThe temperature will rise
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Cloudy sky, no precipitation
southeast
Wind: light breeze, southeast, speed 7-11 km/h
Wind gusts: 14 km/h
Relative humidity: 58-72%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 955 hPa
Visibility: 100%

by dayfrom 12:01 to 18:00Sometimes short-term rains
Air temperature:
 +16...+20 °CThe temperature will rise
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Sometimes short-term rains
southwest
Wind: light breeze, southwest, speed 11 km/h
Relative humidity: 57-74%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 955 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 0,4 mm
Visibility: 100%

in the eveningfrom 18:01 to 00:00Sometimes short-term rains
Air temperature:
 +13...+15 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Sometimes short-term rains
southeast
Wind: light breeze, southeast, speed 7-11 km/h
Wind gusts: 14 km/h
Relative humidity: 77-83%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 953 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 1,2 mm
Visibility: 91-100%

Tuesday, March 25, 2025
The Sun:  Sunrise 05:34, Sunset 17:56.
The Moon:  Moonrise 03:30, Moonset 13:11, Moon phase: waning crescent waning crescent
 Geomagnetic Field: Active

at nightfrom 00:01 to 06:00The sky is overcast, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +12...+13 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
The sky is overcast, no precipitation
southeast
Wind: light breeze, southeast, speed 4-7 km/h
Relative humidity: 79-82%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 952-953 hPa
Visibility: 95-100%

in the morningfrom 06:01 to 12:00Cloudy sky, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +13...+18 °CThe temperature will rise
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Cloudy sky, no precipitation
southern
Wind: light breeze, southern, speed 7-11 km/h
Relative humidity: 57-77%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 952 hPa
Visibility: 100%

by dayfrom 12:01 to 18:00Cloudy sky, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +18...+20 °CThe temperature will rise
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Cloudy sky, no precipitation
southern
Wind: light breeze, southern, speed 7-11 km/h
Relative humidity: 50-61%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 952 hPa
Visibility: 100%

in the eveningfrom 18:01 to 00:00Light cloud cover in the sky, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +13...+16 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Light cloud cover in the sky, no precipitation
southern
Wind: light breeze, southern, speed 4-7 km/h
Relative humidity: 66-76%
Cloudiness: 71%
Atmospheric pressure: 951 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Wednesday, March 26, 2025
The Sun:  Sunrise 05:33, Sunset 17:58.
The Moon:  Moonrise 04:02, Moonset 14:27, Moon phase: waning crescent waning crescent
 Geomagnetic Field: Minor Storm
Power systems: Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.

Spacecraft operations: Minor impact on satellite operations possible.

Other systems: Migratory animals are affected at this and higher levels; aurora is commonly visible at high latitudes (northern Michigan and Maine).

at nightfrom 00:01 to 06:00Cloudy sky, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +12...+13 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Cloudy sky, no precipitation
southeast
Wind: light air, southeast, speed 4 km/h
Relative humidity: 76-79%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 949-951 hPa
Visibility: 100%

in the morningfrom 06:01 to 12:00Light cloud cover in the sky, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +13...+19 °CThe temperature will rise
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Light cloud cover in the sky, no precipitation
southern
Wind: light breeze, southern, speed 4-7 km/h
Relative humidity: 56-76%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 949 hPa
Visibility: 100%

by dayfrom 12:01 to 18:00Sometimes short-term rains
Air temperature:
 +15...+20 °CThe temperature will rise
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Sometimes short-term rains
northwest
Wind: gentle breeze, northwest, speed 7-14 km/h
Wind gusts: 18 km/h
Relative humidity: 50-66%
Cloudiness: 68%
Atmospheric pressure: 947-948 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 0,1 mm
Visibility: 96-100%

in the eveningfrom 18:01 to 00:00Clear skies, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +9...+13 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Clear skies, no precipitation
northern
Wind: gentle breeze, northern, speed 11 km/h
Wind gusts: 25 km/h
Relative humidity: 67-73%
Cloudiness: 22%
Atmospheric pressure: 947 hPa
Visibility: 98-100%

Thursday, March 27, 2025
The Sun:  Sunrise 05:31, Sunset 17:59.
The Moon:  Moonrise 04:30, Moonset 15:42, Moon phase: waning crescent waning crescent
 Geomagnetic Field: Minor Storm

at nightfrom 00:01 to 06:00Clear skies, no precipitation
Air temperature:
 +8...+9 °CThe air temperature will go down
Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:
Clear skies, no precipitation
northern
Wind: light breeze, northern, speed 11 km/h
Wind gusts: 14 km/h
Relative humidity: 78-85%
Cloudiness: 4%
Atmospheric pressure: 948 hPa
Visibility: 100%

Temperature trend on the chart

weather in nearby cities

temperature in QestoratHourly weather forecast in Qestoratweather in Qestorat todayweather in Qestorat tomorrowweather in Qestorat for 3 daysweather in Qestorat for 5 daysweather in Qestorat for a weeksunrise and sunset in Qestoratrising and setting of the Moon in Qestoratexact time in Qestorat

Additional data

Country:Albania
Telephone country code:+355
Location:Gjirokastra
District:Rrethi i Gjirokastres
The name of the city or village:Qestorat
Time zone:Europe/Tirane, GMT . winter time
Coordinates:Latitude: 40.1175; Longitude: 20.1997;
Aliases (In other languages):English: QestoratРусский: КесторатУкраїнська: Кєсторат
 
Chiesarat, Khiesarat, Qesarat, Qestorati
The project was created and is maintained by FDSTAR company, 2025

Weather in Qestorat

© MeteoCast.ua - weather forecast in your city and your country. All rights reserved, 2025
Privacy Policy
Options of weather forecast displaying
Display temperature:  
 
 
Show the pressure:  
 
 
Display wind speed: