Weather forecast in Cawston place

Air temperature:

-3...-2 °C The air temperature will go down

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Direction of wind shown by smoke drift, but not by wind vanes.

Wind: light air, southwest, speed 4 km/h

On land:

At Sea:

There are very weak waves at sea. Ripples with the appearance of scales are formed, but without foam crests.

Wind gusts: 11 km/h
Relative humidity: 93-96%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 968-969 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 0,9 mm
Visibility: 2-3%

Thursday, November 21, 2024 in Cawston the weather is expected to be like this:

in the afternoon the air temperature warms up to -1...0°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -1,99°C; precipitations in the form of heavy snow, snow are expected, light breeze wind blowing from the south-east at a speed of 4-7 km/h, overcast sky
in the evening the air temperature drops to -3...-2°C, dew point: -4,1°C; fog may form, with visibility of 483 m; snowfall is expected, light air wind blowing from the south-west at a speed of 4 km/h, overcast sky

day length is 08:50

Friday, November 22, 2024

The Sun:	Sunrise 07:21, Sunset 16:09.
The Moon:	Moonrise 23:18, Moonset 13:08, Moon phase: waning gibbous
	Geomagnetic Field: Unstable
	UV index: 0,5 (Low)

Air temperature:

-3...-2 °C The temperature will rise

during the night the air temperature warms up to -3...-2°C, dew point: -3,21°C; precipitations in the form of heavy snow, snow are expected, light air wind blowing from the north-west at a speed of 4 km/h, overcast sky
in the morning the air temperature warms up to -2...0°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -1°C; precipitations in the form of heavy snow, snow are expected, light breeze wind blowing from the south-east at a speed of 4-7 km/h, overcast sky
in the afternoon the air temperature warms up to 0...+1°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -0,59°C; precipitations in the form of heavy snow, snow are expected, light breeze wind blowing from the south-east at a speed of 7 km/h, overcast sky
in the evening the air temperature drops to -1°C, dew point: -1,62°C; fog may form, with visibility of 483 m; precipitations in the form of heavy snow, snow are expected, light air wind blowing from the south-west at a speed of 4 km/h, overcast sky

day length is 08:48

Saturday, November 23, 2024

The Sun:	Sunrise 07:23, Sunset 16:08.
The Moon:	Moonrise --:--, Moonset 13:23, Moon phase: in its last quarter
	Geomagnetic Field: Quiet
	UV index: 0,6 (Low)

Air temperature:

-2...-1 °C The air temperature will go down

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Snow expected

Wind: light breeze, southwest, speed 4-7 km/h
Wind gusts: 14 km/h
Relative humidity: 82-95%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 955-956 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 1,6 mm
Visibility: 2-62%

Air temperature:

-3...+1 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, southwest, speed 7 km/h
Wind gusts: 14 km/h
Relative humidity: 66-81%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 955-956 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 2,3 mm
Visibility: 9-100%

Air temperature:

-3...+1 °C The temperature will not change

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, southeast, speed 7 km/h
Wind gusts: 14 km/h
Relative humidity: 76-92%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 956-957 hPa
Visibility: 4-26%

Air temperature:

-4...-3 °C The air temperature will go down

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Saturday, November 23, 2024 in Cawston the weather is expected to be like this:

Wind: light breeze, southern, speed 7 km/h
Wind gusts: 18 km/h
Relative humidity: 87-90%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 957-960 hPa
Visibility: 40-100%

during the night the air temperature drops to -2...-1°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -6,61°C; fog may form, with visibility of 483 m; precipitations in the form of heavy snow, snow are expected, light breeze wind blowing from the south-west at a speed of 4-7 km/h, overcast sky
in the morning the air temperature warms up to -3...+1°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -7,93°C; snowfall is expected, light breeze wind blowing from the south-west at a speed of 7 km/h, overcast sky
in the afternoon the air temperature will be -3...+1°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -3,26°C; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the south-east at a speed of 7 km/h, overcast sky
in the evening the air temperature drops to -4...-3°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -4,35°C; there may be light precipitation, light breeze wind blowing from the south at a speed of 7 km/h, overcast sky

day length is 08:45

Sunday, November 24, 2024

The Sun:	Sunrise 07:24, Sunset 16:08.
The Moon:	Moonrise 00:27, Moonset 13:35, Moon phase: in its last quarter
	Geomagnetic Field: Unstable
	UV index: 0,7 (Low)

Air temperature:

-4...-3 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, southern, speed 7 km/h
Wind gusts: 14 km/h
Relative humidity: 89-93%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 960-963 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 0,3 mm
Visibility: 2-46%

Air temperature:

-5...-2 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, southeast, speed 7 km/h
Wind gusts: 14 km/h
Relative humidity: 86-93%
Cloudiness: 98%
Atmospheric pressure: 963-965 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 0,5 mm
Visibility: 2-16%

Air temperature:

-4...-2 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, southeast, speed 7 km/h
Wind gusts: 14 km/h
Relative humidity: 86-93%
Cloudiness: 90%
Atmospheric pressure: 965-967 hPa
Visibility: 2-10%

Air temperature:

-5...-4 °C The air temperature will go down

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Sunday, November 24, 2024 in Cawston the weather forecast is expected to be like this:

Wind: light breeze, southern, speed 4-7 km/h
Wind gusts: 11 km/h
Relative humidity: 91-93%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 968 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 1,4 mm
Visibility: 2-12%

during the night the air temperature warms up to -4...-3°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -4,48°C; snowfall is expected, light breeze wind blowing from the south at a speed of 7 km/h, overcast sky
in the morning the air temperature warms up to -5...-2°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -4,19°C; fog may form, with visibility of 483 m; snowfall is expected, light breeze wind blowing from the south-east at a speed of 7 km/h, overcast sky
in the afternoon the air temperature warms up to -4...-2°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -3,17°C; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the south-east at a speed of 7 km/h, overcast sky
in the evening the air temperature drops to -5...-4°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -4,27°C; fog may form, with visibility of 483 m; snowfall is expected, light breeze wind blowing from the south at a speed of 4-7 km/h, overcast sky

day length is 08:44

Monday, November 25, 2024

The Sun:	Sunrise 07:26, Sunset 16:07.
The Moon:	Moonrise 01:35, Moonset 13:46, Moon phase: in its last quarter
	Geomagnetic Field: Unstable
	UV index: 0,6 (Low)

Air temperature:

-5 °C

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, southern, speed 4-7 km/h
Wind gusts: 11 km/h
Relative humidity: 93-96%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 969 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 0,5 mm
Visibility: 2-3%

Air temperature:

-5...-3 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, southeast, speed 4-7 km/h
Wind gusts: 11 km/h
Relative humidity: 92-95%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 969-971 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 0,9 mm
Visibility: 2%

Air temperature:

-4...-2 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, southeast, speed 7 km/h
Wind gusts: 11 km/h
Relative humidity: 91-97%
Cloudiness: 99%
Atmospheric pressure: 969-971 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 0,7 mm
Visibility: 2-15%

Air temperature:

-6...-4 °C The air temperature will go down

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Monday, November 25, 2024 in Cawston the weather is expected to be like this:

Wind: light breeze, southern, speed 7 km/h
Relative humidity: 85-96%
Cloudiness: 96%
Atmospheric pressure: 972 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 0,2 mm
Visibility: 2-97%

during the night the air temperature will be -5°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -3,66°C; fog may form, with visibility of 483 m; snowfall is expected, light breeze wind blowing from the south at a speed of 4-7 km/h, overcast sky
in the morning the air temperature warms up to -5...-3°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -3,27°C; fog may form, with visibility of 483 m; snowfall is expected, light breeze wind blowing from the south-east at a speed of 4-7 km/h, overcast sky
in the afternoon the air temperature warms up to -4...-2°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -2,05°C; fog may form, with visibility of 483 m; snowfall is expected, light breeze wind blowing from the south-east at a speed of 7 km/h, overcast sky
in the evening the air temperature drops to -6...-4°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -4,12°C; fog may form, with visibility of 483 m; snowfall is expected, light breeze wind blowing from the south at a speed of 7 km/h, overcast sky

day length is 08:41

Tuesday, November 26, 2024

The Sun:	Sunrise 07:27, Sunset 16:06.
The Moon:	Moonrise 02:41, Moonset 13:58, Moon phase: waning crescent
	Geomagnetic Field: Unstable

Light cloud cover in the sky, no precipitation

Air temperature:

-7...-6 °C The air temperature will go down

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, southwest, speed 7 km/h
Relative humidity: 79-83%
Cloudiness: 54%
Atmospheric pressure: 972 hPa
Visibility: 2-99%

Air temperature:

-8...-3 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, southern, speed 4-7 km/h
Wind gusts: 11 km/h
Relative humidity: 78-81%
Cloudiness: 61%
Atmospheric pressure: 972 hPa
Visibility: 92-100%

Air temperature:

-4...-2 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light air, southeast, speed 4 km/h
Wind gusts: 14 km/h
Relative humidity: 84-90%
Cloudiness: 67%
Atmospheric pressure: 971 hPa
Visibility: 23-86%

Air temperature:

-6...-5 °C The air temperature will go down

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Tuesday, November 26, 2024 in Cawston the weather forecast is expected to be like this:

Wind: light breeze, western, speed 7 km/h
Wind gusts: 11 km/h
Relative humidity: 85-89%
Cloudiness: 90%
Atmospheric pressure: 969-971 hPa
Visibility: 42-94%

during the night the air temperature drops to -7...-6°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -6,33°C; fog may form, with visibility of 483 m; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the south-west at a speed of 7 km/h, in some places, small clouds may form in the sky
in the morning the air temperature warms up to -8...-3°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -6,9°C; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the south at a speed of 4-7 km/h, overcast sky
in the afternoon the air temperature warms up to -4...-2°C, dew point: -4,17°C; precipitation is not expected, light air wind blowing from the south-east at a speed of 4 km/h, overcast sky
in the evening the air temperature drops to -6...-5°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -5,56°C; there may be light precipitation, light breeze wind blowing from the west at a speed of 7 km/h, overcast sky

day length is 08:39

Wednesday, November 27, 2024

The Sun:	Sunrise 07:28, Sunset 16:05.
The Moon:	Moonrise 03:49, Moonset 14:11, Moon phase: waning crescent
	Geomagnetic Field: Unstable

Air temperature:

-7...-6 °C The air temperature will go down

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, northwest, speed 7 km/h
Wind gusts: 14 km/h
Relative humidity: 80-85%
Cloudiness: 83%
Atmospheric pressure: 968 hPa
Visibility: 93-95%

Air temperature:

-8...-3 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Clear skies, no precipitation

Wind: light breeze, northwest, speed 7 km/h
Wind gusts: 14 km/h
Relative humidity: 76-78%
Cloudiness: 48%
Atmospheric pressure: 967 hPa
Visibility: 94-100%

Air temperature:

-4...-2 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, northern, speed 4-7 km/h
Wind gusts: 11 km/h
Relative humidity: 77-88%
Cloudiness: 69%
Atmospheric pressure: 964-965 hPa
Visibility: 68-96%

Wednesday, November 27, 2024 in Cawston the weather is expected to be like this:

Air temperature:

-7...-5 °C The air temperature will go down

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Clear skies, no precipitation

Wind: light breeze, northwest, speed 7 km/h
Wind gusts: 14 km/h
Relative humidity: 65-85%
Cloudiness: 74%
Atmospheric pressure: 964 hPa
Visibility: 60-98%

during the night the air temperature drops to -7...-6°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -7,22°C; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the north-west at a speed of 7 km/h, overcast sky
in the morning the air temperature warms up to -8...-3°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -8,49°C; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the north-west at a speed of 7 km/h, the sky is clear, without clouds
in the afternoon the air temperature warms up to -4...-2°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -5,33°C; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the north at a speed of 4-7 km/h, overcast sky
in the evening the air temperature drops to -7...-5°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -9,75°C; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the north-west at a speed of 7 km/h, the sky is clear, without clouds

day length is 08:37

Thursday, November 28, 2024

The Sun:	Sunrise 07:30, Sunset 16:05.
The Moon:	Moonrise 04:59, Moonset 14:27, Moon phase: waning crescent
	Geomagnetic Field: Quiet

Air temperature:

-8...-7 °C The air temperature will go down

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Clear skies, no precipitation

Wind: light breeze, northwest, speed 7 km/h
Wind gusts: 14 km/h
Relative humidity: 59-62%
Cloudiness: 75%
Atmospheric pressure: 961-963 hPa
Visibility: 98-100%

Air temperature:

-8...-3 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, northwest, speed 7 km/h
Wind gusts: 22 km/h
Relative humidity: 60-70%
Cloudiness: 81%
Atmospheric pressure: 963-964 hPa
Visibility: 95-100%

Air temperature:

-7...-2 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light air, northern, speed 4 km/h
Wind gusts: 18 km/h
Relative humidity: 69-98%
Cloudiness: 99%
Atmospheric pressure: 963-979 hPa
Visibility: 29-91%

Air temperature:

-11...-8 °C The air temperature will go down

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Thursday, November 28, 2024 in Cawston the weather forecast is expected to be like this:

Wind: light breeze, western, speed 4-7 km/h
Relative humidity: 93-97%
Cloudiness: 79%
Atmospheric pressure: 980-983 hPa
Visibility: 2-80%

during the night the air temperature drops to -8...-7°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -11,61°C; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the north-west at a speed of 7 km/h, the sky is clear, without clouds
in the morning the air temperature warms up to -8...-3°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -11,3°C; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the north-west at a speed of 7 km/h, overcast sky
in the afternoon the air temperature warms up to -7...-2°C, dew point: -8,03°C; there may be light precipitation, light air wind blowing from the north at a speed of 4 km/h, overcast sky
in the evening the air temperature drops to -11...-8°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -12,48°C; fog may form, with visibility of 483 m; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the west at a speed of 4-7 km/h, in some places, small clouds may form in the sky

day length is 08:35

Friday, November 29, 2024

The Sun:	Sunrise 07:31, Sunset 16:04.
The Moon:	Moonrise 06:10, Moonset 14:47, Moon phase: waning crescent
	Geomagnetic Field: Unstable

Air temperature:

-11 °C The air temperature will go down

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, western, speed 7 km/h
Relative humidity: 91-93%
Cloudiness: 93%
Atmospheric pressure: 983-984 hPa
Visibility: 89-100%

Air temperature:

-11...-5 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light breeze, southern, speed 4-7 km/h
Relative humidity: 90-91%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 980-981 hPa
Visibility: 91-100%

Air temperature:

-7...-4 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light air, southern, speed 4 km/h
Relative humidity: 91-98%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 980-981 hPa
Visibility: 63-83%

Air temperature:

-10...-9 °C The air temperature will go down

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Friday, November 29, 2024 in Cawston the weather is expected to be like this:

Wind: light breeze, western, speed 7 km/h
Relative humidity: 95-96%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 983 hPa
Visibility: 2-55%

during the night the air temperature drops to -11°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -13,25°C; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the west at a speed of 7 km/h, overcast sky
in the morning the air temperature warms up to -11...-5°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -12,66°C; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the south at a speed of 4-7 km/h, overcast sky
in the afternoon the air temperature warms up to -7...-4°C, dew point: -8,24°C; there may be light precipitation, light air wind blowing from the south at a speed of 4 km/h, overcast sky
in the evening the air temperature drops to -10...-9°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -11,1°C; fog may form, with visibility of 483 m; there may be light precipitation, light breeze wind blowing from the west at a speed of 7 km/h, overcast sky

day length is 08:33

Saturday, November 30, 2024

The Sun:	Sunrise 07:32, Sunset 16:04.
The Moon:	Moonrise 07:24, Moonset 15:14, Moon phase: new
	Geomagnetic Field: Active

Air temperature:

-10...-8 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light air, western, speed 4 km/h
Relative humidity: 95-96%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 983-984 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 0,6 mm
Visibility: 26-34%

Air temperature:

-7...-4 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light air, southern, speed 4 km/h
Relative humidity: 91-94%
Cloudiness: 99%
Atmospheric pressure: 981-984 hPa
Amount of precipitations: 0,2 mm
Visibility: 26-49%

Air temperature:

-9...-3 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light air, southern, speed 4 km/h
Relative humidity: 90-96%
Cloudiness: 87%
Atmospheric pressure: 981-983 hPa
Visibility: 72-95%

Air temperature:

-11...-9 °C The air temperature will go down

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Saturday, November 30, 2024 in Cawston the weather forecast is expected to be like this:

Wind: light breeze, western, speed 7 km/h
Relative humidity: 93-95%
Cloudiness: 98%
Atmospheric pressure: 984 hPa
Visibility: 2-81%

during the night the air temperature warms up to -10...-8°C, dew point: -10,66°C; snowfall is expected, light air wind blowing from the west at a speed of 4 km/h, overcast sky
in the morning the air temperature warms up to -7...-4°C, dew point: -8,68°C; snowfall is expected, light air wind blowing from the south at a speed of 4 km/h, overcast sky
in the afternoon the air temperature warms up to -9...-3°C, dew point: -9,93°C; precipitation is not expected, light air wind blowing from the south at a speed of 4 km/h, in some places, small clouds may form in the sky
in the evening the air temperature drops to -11...-9°C; too cold: slight increase in discomfort; low risk of frostbite; need to dress warmly and to stay dry, dew point: -12,54°C; fog may form, with visibility of 483 m; precipitation is not expected, light breeze wind blowing from the west at a speed of 7 km/h, overcast sky

day length is 08:32

Sunday, December 1, 2024

The Sun:	Sunrise 07:34, Sunset 16:03.
The Moon:	Moonrise 08:35, Moonset 15:51, Moon phase: new
	Geomagnetic Field: Active

Air temperature:

-10 °C The temperature will not change

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light air, western, speed 4 km/h
Relative humidity: 94%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 983 hPa
Visibility: 32-41%

Air temperature:

-9...-4 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light air, southwest, speed 4 km/h
Wind gusts: 7 km/h
Relative humidity: 92-94%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 977-981 hPa
Visibility: 33-60%

Air temperature:

-8...-3 °C The temperature will rise

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions:

Wind: light air, southwest, speed 4 km/h
Wind gusts: 7 km/h
Relative humidity: 92-96%
Cloudiness: 100%
Atmospheric pressure: 976-977 hPa
Visibility: 73-97%

Air temperature:

-10...-9 °C The air temperature will go down

Weather patterns and meteorological conditions: